run_refined_dfg: pick the coarse table builder by the imported source's API

jet_scenario=none host tests run against the current checkout (no
blocked_base_tables), while historical runs import the pinned source (no
blocked_coarse_tables). Select whichever single name the source defines;
fail if neither or both. No src alias; pins and manifests unchanged.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>

README.md

@@ -117,8 +117,8 @@ with CudaContext(0) as ctx, FixedPatchStepper(cfg, context=ctx, refinements=[(8,
                                               level_objects=[(), (body,)]) as run:
     rest = np.asarray(compute_feq_d2q9(1.0, 0.0, 0.0), np.float32)[:, None, None]
     # (9, ny, nx) postcollision populations per level; non-leaf cells are discarded.
-    run.initialize(np.broadcast_to(rest, (9, *run.patch.coarse_shape)),
-                   np.broadcast_to(rest, (9, *run.patch.fine_shape)))
+    run.initialize(np.broadcast_to(rest, (9, *run.hierarchy.pairs[0].coarse_shape)),
+                   np.broadcast_to(rest, (9, *run.hierarchy.pairs[0].fine_shape)))
     run.step(128)                      # coarse steps; fine level takes two per step
     coarse_g, fine_g = run.download()  # NaN on covered, ghost and solid cells
 ```
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ Scope and limits:
   from their union; adjacent, overlapping and concave unions are accepted when
   their actual dependencies close. There is no fixed rectangle-gap rule.
   The fine level is then one level-wide grid `(2*ny, 2*nx)`:
-  `run.patch.fine_shape` gives it, `initialize`/`download` use it, and only the
+  `run.hierarchy.pairs[0].fine_shape` gives it, `initialize`/`download` use it, and only the
   grid-aligned tiles intersecting the union plus its four-cell ghost band are stored.
   Block sizes must divide the level-wide grid; rectangle edges need not align
   with tiles. Order of rectangles does not matter. L1 bodies/Jets (`level_objects[1]`/`level_jets[1]`) work
@@ -159,8 +159,8 @@ Scope and limits:
   with CudaContext(0) as ctx, FixedPatchStepper(
           cfg, context=ctx, refinements=[((4, 4, 12, 12), (16, 4, 24, 12))],
           level_blocks=[(4, 4), (4, 4)]) as run:
-      run.initialize(np.broadcast_to(rest, (9, *run.patch.coarse_shape)),
-                     np.broadcast_to(rest, (9, *run.patch.fine_shape)))  # (9, 32, 64)
+      run.initialize(np.broadcast_to(rest, (9, *run.hierarchy.pairs[0].coarse_shape)),
+                     np.broadcast_to(rest, (9, *run.hierarchy.pairs[0].fine_shape)))  # (9, 32, 64)
       run.step(32)
       coarse_g, fine_g = run.download()  # coarse: NaN on every covered cell;
                                          # fine: NaN on every non-ACTIVE cell
@@ -193,10 +193,10 @@ Scope and limits:
           cfg, context=ctx, refinements=[(4, 4, 12, 12), (8, 8, 16, 16)],
           level_blocks=[(4, 4)] * 3, level_objects=[(), (), (body,)],
           level_jets=[(), (), (jet,)]) as run:
-      shapes = (run.patch.coarse_shape, run.patch.fine_shape, run.child_patch.fine_shape)
+      shapes = (run.hierarchy.pairs[0].coarse_shape, run.hierarchy.pairs[0].fine_shape, run.hierarchy.pairs[1].fine_shape)
       run.initialize(*(np.broadcast_to(rest, (9, *s)) for s in shapes))  # 16², 24², 24²
       run.step(4)
-      run.set_jet_amplitude(0, -.002, level=2)  # default level=1 still addresses L1
+      run.set_jet_amplitude(0, -.002, level=2)  # explicit level selects the driven level
       run.step(4)
       coarse_g, l1_g, l2_g = run.download()  # solids/covered/nonleaves are NaN
   ```

docs/compatibility.md

@@ -40,3 +40,18 @@ or negative amplitude (the aperture test is geometric). Bodies with neither
 `SurfaceActuation` nor aperture links still raise
 `ValueError("Body has no surface actuation")`. The value is unchanged: the latest
 step's wall/aperture exchange, not total nozzle force.
+
+## 7afb5ad: `Simulation` fails closed after a Jet amplitude device-write failure
+
+`Simulation.set_jet_amplitude` previously only documented that a device error
+leaves the per-link velocity column undefined; the instance stayed usable.
+Now any error after input validation (internal stream creation or the upload)
+marks the Simulation failed. Every later device-touching public method,
+including the `stream` property (guard added in the follow-up repair commit on
+`claude/jet-update-consistency`), raises
+`RuntimeError("Simulation failed (...); close() and recreate it")`. The host
+amplitude keeps its previous value. `close()` still works and stays retryable;
+cached host readers and host staging calls are not blocked. Invalid input
+(`ValueError`/`IndexError`) is unchanged: it raises before any change and the
+instance stays usable. `FixedPatchStepper.set_jet_amplitude` already failed the
+instance (status `failed`) and is unchanged.

docs/development/projected_pair_explosion.md

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 G-to-G explosion reconstruction. The omitted/default `"constant"` selector retains
 the same kernel, launch arguments and device allocations. Projected mode adds two
 compact tables per adjacent pair; recursion, collision, BFL, restriction, buffer
-ownership and synchronized publication are unchanged. `remap_child` preserves it.
+ownership and synchronized publication are unchanged. `remap_finest` preserves it.
 
 Runtime eligibility is periodic-root, fully blocked D2Q9/SRT/FP32, body/Jet-free,
 without LES; the fixed-patch backend has no forcing interface. Shifted and unshifted

docs/development/src_coherence.md

@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+# src coherence stage (from main 914906e)
+
+Owner direction 2026-10-28: unified style over historical compatibility, inside `src`.
+No numerical change is intended; kernel text was moved verbatim (PTX/bit parity is
+pending a GPU run).
+
+## Conventions (defined once, in `lbm.hierarchy.Hierarchy`)
+
+- Level `l = 0 .. depth-1` (0 = root). Pair `hierarchy.pairs[l-1]` builds level `l`.
+- Array shapes are `(ny, nx)`; rectangles, origins and centers are `(x, y)`.
+- Coarse/fine name the two members (parent/child) of ANY pair, not absolute L0/L1:
+  `fine_shape`, `fine_origin`, `prepare_fine_boundary`, `blocked_fine_tables`,
+  `blocked_coarse_tables`.
+- Refined levels (l >= 1) of FixedPatchStepper place bodies/Jets in the root EDGE frame
+  (root cell `i` = `[i, i+1)`). Uniform `Simulation` objects AND the static circles of a
+  single-level (depth 1) FixedPatchStepper use the integer-NODE frame. Nothing converts
+  between them. This concerns input placement only: within the EDGE frame, refined
+  levels still project root-edge coordinates to fine-local cell indices with the
+  half-cell shift (`prepare_fine_boundary`: `(v - o)/dx - .5`; hits back via `fine_hits_to_edge_frame`
+  `origin + dx*(hit + .5)`), using `edge_frame`/`fine_origin` below.
+- `Hierarchy.edge_frame(l)` -> `((ox, oy), h)`: cell `(i, j)` of level `l`'s allocated
+  array (ghost band and holes included) covers `[o + h*i, o + h*(i+1))`. A scalar
+  FixedPatch2D window carries the half-coarse-cell ghost shift `bounds - HALO/2` in
+  `fine_origin`; a set's level-wide grid has origin 0. Level 1 boundaries are built from
+  the root config (the wall-aware fields live there); deeper ones from the parent frame.
+- `FixedPatch2D.fine_level_offset` (was `fine_level_origin`) is an array INDEX offset
+  `(y, x)`, not an `(x, y)` origin.
+
+## FixedPatchStepper migration map
+
+| removed / changed | replacement |
+|---|---|
+| `patch`, `child_patch` | `hierarchy.pairs[0]`, `hierarchy.pairs[1]` |
+| `base_layout`, `fine_layout`, `child_layout` (stepper properties) | `layouts[0]`, `layouts[1]`, `layouts[2]` (`FixedPatchSet2D.fine_layout(block)` is unchanged) |
+| `fine_boundary`, `child_boundary` | `boundaries[1]`, `boundaries[2]` (host geometry; `None` = no bodies/Jets) |
+| `_jets` | `jets[1]` |
+| `_boundaries[l]` (dict from L1, level keys) | `_device_boundaries[l]` (list from L0, `None` at L0 unless single-level static circles) |
+| `_level_boundaries` (private, b4eacf7) | `_device_boundaries` |
+| `_fine_tables`, `_actuated`, `_jet_cache` | `_device_boundaries[1].tables` / `.actuated` / `.jet_cache` |
+| `_remap_cfg` (private) | `_root_cfg` |
+| `refinement_tables.blocked_base_tables` (also via `refinement_stepper`) | `refinement_tables.blocked_coarse_tables` (import from `refinement_tables`; the stepper no longer re-exports) |
+| `_fine_leaf`, `_child_leaf` | `leaf[1]`, `leaf[2]` (copies) |
+| `_middle_kind` | `hierarchy.kinds[1]` |
+| `_boundary_hosts` (private) | `_boundaries` (private list behind `boundaries`) |
+| `remap_child(rects, child_objects=...)` | `remap_finest(rects, objects=...)` |
+| `set_jet_amplitude(i, a)` (implicit level 1) | `set_jet_amplitude(i, a, level=l)` (required) |
+| `read_raw_exchange(b)` / `read_exchange_window(b)` (implicit level 1) | `read_raw_exchange(b, level=l)` / `read_exchange_window(b, level=l)` (required) |
+| `_level_name(l)` "base/fine/child" messages | `"level l"` |
+| `refinement.MIN_PATCH_GAP` | deleted (no gap policy exists) |
+| `params.cuh HaloPlan`, `collide_trt_no_force` | deleted (zero references) |
+
+Kept: `step_count`, constructor keywords (`refinements`, `level_blocks`, `level_objects`,
+`level_jets`, `coarse_boundary`, `explosion`), `Simulation.set_jet_amplitude(i, a)` (one level),
+`RemapTopology.from_config(..., child_objects=, child_jets=)` (internal remap helper; "child" =
+the replaced level relative to its parent).
+
+## Responsibilities
+
+- Construction: `_check_levels` (inputs), `_kernel_configs` (per-level kernel configs),
+  `Hierarchy.edge_frame` (geometry frames), `_build_level` / `_build_pair` / `_upload_boundary`
+  (device). Observation reads share `_observed_boundary` + `_summarize`.
+- Blocked kernels: `operators/block_collision.cuh block_collide` is the one collision extension
+  point of `BlockStep` and `BlockChannelStep`. MRT shares one path; SRT keeps its two explicit
+  arithmetic variants (level: unclamped, no-force, shifted direct-momentum feq; channel: uniform
+  OneStep arithmetic with omega clamp), selected by `BLOCK_ROOT_BC`.
+- `explosion="projected_linear"` stays an optional capability; `"constant"` stays default.
+
+## Not done / open
+
+- Two per-level config derivations stay distinct on purpose: `Hierarchy.configs`
+  (`_middle_config`, wall fields reset on every refined level, geometry validation) vs.
+  `FixedPatchStepper._kernel_configs` (reset only on level 1 of a slot_reservoir root;
+  generates each level's config.h). Folding them needs a config.h/PTX diff gate.
+- No single-`Simulation` facade over FixedPatchStepper: the two own different state models
+  (uniform node frame, body sync, forcing, checkpoint vs. immutable blocked hierarchy, edge
+  frame, remap-as-new-instance). A facade would only forward calls; no concrete need found.
+- Tests, examples and validation callers are migrated separately (pinned runners stay frozen).

docs/fixed_three_level_multipatch.md

@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ Stationary whole-circle L2 bodies and Jets (`level_objects[2]`, `level_jets[2]`)
 coordinates and a single L2 boundary object. Body IDs are physical object-list
 positions, not region IDs or caller `obj_id`. Complete boundary stencils must
 avoid the transfer footprint. Change a child Jet with
-`set_jet_amplitude(index, value, level=2)`; L1 bodies/Jets remain unsupported.
+`set_jet_amplitude(index, value, level=2)` (`level` is required); L1 bodies/Jets remain unsupported.
 
 ## Verification
 

docs/lifecycle.md

@@ -6,8 +6,8 @@ it is; it adds no framework. Line references are to candidate 0f8fdbc3.
 | Class | Contents | How it changes | Owner rule |
 |---|---|---|---|
 | 1. Module and its globals | Compile-time (visible to the compiler, fixed per module): `config.h` macros incl. `NX`/`NY`, `COLLISION_MODEL`, `BLOCK_ROOT_BC`, `WALL_*`. Runtime per-module globals (not visible to the compiler; written by host code): `__constant__` `d_params`, `d_w`, `d_cx`, `d_cy`, `d_block_channel`, `d_block_wall`; plus bound kernel handles | Globals are written once by the owner right after `load_module`. Uniform grid: `Simulation._recompile` (construction, body-topology sync) loads a new module and re-uploads; `update_runtime_params` rewrites `d_params` (omega, force, n_objects) between runs. Steppers: never rewritten after construction, so they are immutable for the instance's lifetime although they are runtime values. The blocked slot/reservoir root reads its slot from the `d_block_wall` constant (the former dense route used `WALL_*` macros; both were bit-identical in the parity gates). | Every owner loads its own module (`compiler.load_module` = `module_from_file`, no cache). A loaded module is never shared between live owners: globals are per module, so sharing would share mutable `d_params`. |
-| 2. Geometry, layout, tables | flags, curved-link tables, block layouts and halo pairs, transfer (explode/coalesce) tables, block kinds | Immutable for the life of an instance. Uniform grid: rebuilt by body sync. `FixedPatchStepper`: a geometry change is a new instance (`remap_child`), committed only after a successful transfer. | No in-place table edits. |
-| 3. Controls and dependent boundary columns | Jet amplitude -> per-link `surface_velocity`; body actions (uniform grid) | Between steps, without a table or module rebuild (`set_jet_amplitude`). | Host copy commits only after the device upload succeeded; a device error fails the instance. |
+| 2. Geometry, layout, tables | flags, curved-link tables, block layouts and halo pairs, transfer (explode/coalesce) tables, block kinds | Immutable for the life of an instance. Uniform grid: rebuilt by body sync. `FixedPatchStepper`: a geometry change is a new instance (`remap_finest`), committed only after a successful transfer. | No in-place table edits. |
+| 3. Controls and dependent boundary columns | Jet amplitude -> per-link `surface_velocity`; body actions (uniform grid) | Between steps, without a table or module rebuild (`set_jet_amplitude`). | Input (index, level, amplitude) is validated before any device write; invalid input changes nothing and the instance stays usable. The host copy commits only after the upload returned. Any error after validation leaves the device column undefined and fails the instance: `FixedPatchStepper` status `failed`, `Simulation._failed`; every later device-touching public method (`Simulation`: `stream`, `set_jet_amplitude`, `initialize`, `sync_bodies`, `run`/`step`, `read_surface_exchange`, `read_body(s)`, `get_macroscopic`, `get_ddf`, `update_runtime_params`, `snapshot`, `restore`, save/load checkpoint) raises; cached host readers and host-side staging (e.g. `get_flags`, `add_body`/`remove_body` before a sync) do not touch the device and stay callable. `close()` still releases resources and stays retryable. |
 | 4. Per-step state | population double buffers and their parity, raw-exchange ledgers, observations | Device-only during `step(n)` / `run(n)`; buffer swaps are host-handle swaps. | Valid on the host only after the single wait at the end of the call. |
 
 Storage routes are separate concerns:

docs/supported_settings.md

@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ Tests: `tests/unit/test_refinement_mrt.py`, `tests/validation/multigrid/test_ref
 | `slot_reservoir` | on-site velocity bottom slot, reservoir top, velocity 0, 2 <= slot width < nx, patch rows 4..ny-4 | `lbm/refinement_stepper.py` `FixedPatchStepper.__init__`; `lbm/refinement.py` `prepare_fine_boundary` |
 | `channel` | all levels blocked; Zou-He inlet, pressure-NEQ outlet, stationary bounce-back walls; transfers away from the closure | `lbm/channel.py` `validate_channel_config`, `validate_channel_transfers` |
 | Explosion | `constant` (default); `projected_linear` only periodic, all-blocked SRT, no bodies/Jets, no LES (experimental) | `lbm/refinement_stepper.py` `FixedPatchStepper.__init__` |
-| L2 runtime remap (`remap_child`) | periodic three-level L2 sets only, no L0/L1 bodies, identical pinned boundary | `lbm/refinement_stepper.py` `FixedPatchStepper.remap_child` |
+| L2 runtime remap (`remap_finest`) | periodic three-level L2 sets only, no L0/L1 bodies, identical pinned boundary | `lbm/refinement_stepper.py` `FixedPatchStepper.remap_finest` |
 
 Tests: `tests/unit/test_refinement_three_level_multipatch.py`, `tests/validation/multigrid/test_refinement_multipatch.py`,
 `test_refinement_three_level.py`, `test_refinement_three_level_multipatch_gpu.py`, `test_refinement_blocked_base.py`,
@@ -84,6 +84,6 @@ Tests: `tests/unit/test_jets.py`, `test_jets_review.py`, `test_shifted_jets.py`,
 
 ## Not supported in this release
 
-3D, dynamic/automatic AMR (tagging, time-varying hierarchies beyond `remap_child`),
+3D, dynamic/automatic AMR (tagging, time-varying hierarchies beyond `remap_finest`),
 moving bodies on refined levels, pressure Jets, Jet checkpoints, LES or TRT on refined
 levels, partial (non-dividing) tiles.

docs/synchronized_leaf_remap.md

@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ origin is retained. Physical lower edges are `origin + spacing*(x,y)` on L0,
 `origin + spacing*(parent.fine_origin + (x,y)/4)` on L2.
 
 Factory options `coarse_boundary` and `objects` must declare `"periodic"` and
-an empty collection; L2 bodies use `child_objects` as described below.
+an empty collection; L2 bodies use `objects` as described below.
 LBMConfig's channel settings do not select this operator's boundary mode.
 Geometry metadata is factory-created;
 manual mutation/forging of metadata is unsupported. Caller certifies the
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ PYTHONPATH=src python -m unittest discover -s tests/unit -p 'test_synchronized_r
 
 ## Explicit runtime continuation
 
-`replacement = current.remap_child(rectangles)` returns a new ready
+`replacement = current.remap_finest(rectangles)` returns a new ready
 `FixedPatchStepper` at the **same absolute step_count**. It supports only
 periodic three-level runs with no L0/L1 bodies and an existing L2
 `FixedPatchSet2D`; stationary L2 bodies/Jets follow the support contract below.
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ resources; an actual old-device synchronization/read failure marks the old
 stepper failed, consistent with its existing failure semantics.
 
 ```python
-replacement = current.remap_child([(20, 16, 36, 40)])
+replacement = current.remap_finest([(20, 16, 36, 40)])
 # Explicitly choose the returned continuation only after success.
 current.close()
 current = replacement
@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ Per-population conservation is not an advancement target under collision.
 
 ### Bounded pinned-body extension
 
-`replacement = current.remap_child(rectangles, child_objects=original_objects)`
+`replacement = current.remap_finest(rectangles, objects=original_objects)`
 also accepts stationary Circles inside the L2 union. Each body's **physical
 boundary, complete BFL support and current per-link velocity must remain
 identical**. Rectangles are not pinned: they may be split, merged or resized,
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ coverage and two-hop BFL transfer-footprint checks still apply. This is manual
 remapping, not adaptive body tracking or runtime body editing.
 
 Supply all original root edge-frame definitions in their construction order.
-Do not pass `current.child_boundary.objects`: those are projected fine-local copies.
+Do not pass `current.boundaries[2].objects`: those are projected fine-local copies.
 There is no retained mutable original-object registry. Before reading device
 state, remapping reprojects the supplied definition onto the old topology and
 compares exact ordered circle centers/radii, flags, physical cut links, body

examples/fixed_patch_circle.py

@@ -40,13 +40,13 @@ def config(mode):
 def leaf_masks(run, mode):
     """Known fluid leaves: uncovered coarse cells (minus wall rows in slot mode)
     and fine ACTIVE cells outside the body."""
-    p = run.patch
+    p = run.hierarchy.pairs[0]
     x0, y0, x1, y1 = p.bounds
     coarse = np.ones(p.coarse_shape, bool)
     coarse[y0:y1, x0:x1] = False
     if mode == "slot_reservoir":
         coarse[[0, -1]] = False
-    solid = (run.fine_boundary.flags.reshape(p.fine_shape) & SOLID) != 0
+    solid = (run.boundaries[1].flags.reshape(p.fine_shape) & SOLID) != 0
     return coarse, (p.fine_kind == ACTIVE) & ~solid
 
 
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ def main():
             cfg, context=context, coarse_boundary=args.mode, refinements=[BOUNDS],
             level_blocks=[tuple(args.base_block), tuple(args.fine_block)],
             level_objects=[(), (body,)]) as run:
-        p = run.patch
+        p = run.hierarchy.pairs[0]
         # Rest equilibrium is already postcollision G, so no initial collision is
         # needed. Non-leaf entries (covered, ghost, solid) are discarded by initialize.
         rest = np.asarray(compute_feq_d2q9(1.0, 0.0, 0.0), np.float32)[:, None, None]

examples/fixed_patch_jet.py

@@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ def main():
         with CudaContext(0) as context, FixedPatchStepper(cfg, context=context,
                 coarse_boundary='slot_reservoir', refinements=[BOUNDS],
                 level_blocks=LEVEL_BLOCKS) as run:
-            p = run.patch
+            p = run.hierarchy.pairs[0]
             masks = [np.ones(p.coarse_shape, bool), p.fine_kind == ACTIVE]
             masks[0][[0, -1]] = False
             masks[0][4:28, 16:32] = False

examples/fixed_periodic_patch.py

@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ def main():
                   store_precision="FP32", ddf_shifting=False, les_enabled=False)
     with CudaContext(0) as context, FixedPatchStepper(cfg, context=context, refinements=[(4, 4, 12, 12)],
                                                            level_blocks=[(16, 16), (24, 24)]) as run:
-        p = run.patch
+        p = run.hierarchy.pairs[0]
         coarse = shear_equilibrium(p.coarse_shape, (0, 0), 1.0, cfg.ny)
         fine = shear_equilibrium(p.fine_shape, p.fine_origin, .5, cfg.ny)
         coarse_leaf = np.ones(p.coarse_shape, dtype=bool)

src/CelerisLab/lbm/hierarchy.py

@@ -21,7 +21,24 @@ from .refinement import (ACTIVE, OUTER_GHOST, FixedPatch2D, FixedPatchSet2D,
 @dataclass(frozen=True, eq=False)
 class Hierarchy:
     """configs[l]: validated LBMConfig of level l; pairs[l]: tables of (l, l+1);
-    kinds[l]: composed per-cell kind (child coverage OUTER on every non-finest level)."""
+    kinds[l]: composed per-cell kind (child coverage OUTER on every non-finest level).
+
+    Index conventions (the single place they are defined):
+      * level l = 0 (root) .. depth-1; pair index p = l-1 builds level l from level p;
+      * array shapes are (ny, nx); rectangles, origins and centers are (x, y);
+      * a pair's two members are its COARSE (parent) and FINE (child) level, for every
+        pair, not absolute L0/L1 (fine_shape, fine_origin, blocked_coarse_tables, ...);
+      * refined levels (l >= 1) of FixedPatchStepper place bodies and Jets in the root
+        EDGE frame: root cell i covers [i, i+1), center i+.5. Uniform Simulation objects
+        and the static circles of a single-level (depth 1) FixedPatchStepper use the
+        integer-NODE frame (CircleGeometry.build_flag_mask at integer (x, y)). No
+        NODE<->EDGE input conversion is applied anywhere; inside the EDGE frame, refined
+        boundaries still project root-edge coordinates to fine-local cell indices with
+        the half-cell shift ((v - o)/h - .5, see prepare_fine_boundary);
+      * cell (i, j) of level l's allocated array (ghost band and holes included) covers
+        [o + h*i, o + h*(i+1)) with (o, h) = edge_frame(l); level 1 is built from the root
+        config directly, deeper levels from their parent frame (see edge_frame).
+    """
     configs: tuple
     pairs: tuple
     kinds: tuple
@@ -30,6 +47,18 @@ class Hierarchy:
     def depth(self):
         return len(self.kinds)
 
+    def edge_frame(self, level):
+        """(origin (x, y), spacing) of level ``level``'s array in the root edge frame.
+
+        Each pair's fine_origin is in parent cells: zero for a set (level-wide grid),
+        the shifted window origin for a scalar FixedPatch2D.
+        """
+        origin, spacing = (0.0, 0.0), 1.0
+        for pair in self.pairs[:level]:
+            origin = tuple(o + spacing * f for o, f in zip(origin, pair.fine_origin))
+            spacing /= 2
+        return origin, spacing
+
 
 def is_rectangle(value):
     value = tuple(value)
@@ -86,14 +115,14 @@ def _check_chain(coarse, fine, pair):
 def leaf_partition(h):
     """Base-cell fraction published as ACTIVE over all levels (exact: powers of two).
 
-    Window (scalar) levels are offset by their fine_level_origin first.
+    Window (scalar) levels are offset by their fine_level_offset first.
     """
     base = np.zeros(h.kinds[0].shape)
     oy = ox = 0
     for level, kind in enumerate(h.kinds):
         if level:
             pair = h.pairs[level - 1]
-            py, px = (pair.fine_level_origin if isinstance(pair, FixedPatch2D) else (0, 0))
+            py, px = (pair.fine_level_offset if isinstance(pair, FixedPatch2D) else (0, 0))
             oy, ox = 2 * oy + py, 2 * ox + px
         y, x = np.nonzero(kind == ACTIVE)
         np.add.at(base, ((y + oy) >> level, (x + ox) >> level), 0.25 ** level)

src/CelerisLab/lbm/kernels/blocked.cu

@@ -34,9 +34,7 @@
 #if BLOCK_ROOT_BC == 1
 #include "boundary/block_wall.cuh"
 #endif
-#if BLOCK_ROOT_BC != 2
 #include "operators/block_collision.cuh"
-#endif
 
 // Kernels, in definition order: transfers, boundary staging, then the one full
 // step selected for this module (BlockStep, or BlockChannelStep for a channel root).

src/CelerisLab/lbm/kernels/core/params.cuh

@@ -44,16 +44,4 @@ struct RigidBodyControl2D {
     int   control_mode;           // 0=force, 1=velocity, 2=displacement
 };
 
-// ============================================================================
-// Halo plan (multi-GPU / AMR 预留)
-// ============================================================================
-struct HaloPlan {
-    int       face_id;
-    int       peer_gpu;
-    int       level;
-    size_t    count;
-    int*      send_idx;
-    int*      recv_idx;
-};
-
 #endif // CELERIS_CORE_PARAMS_CUH

src/CelerisLab/lbm/kernels/operators/block_collision.cuh

@@ -1,4 +1,10 @@
-// Collision used by periodic/fine and slot/reservoir BlockStep.
+// The one collision extension point of the blocked steps (BlockStep, BlockChannelStep).
+// Compile-time selection: MRT shares one path; SRT keeps two explicit arithmetic
+// variants, unchanged from their original kernels:
+//   level  (BLOCK_ROOT_BC 0/1): unclamped omega, no forcing term; shifted storage
+//          builds feq from the retained drho and direct momentum (numerical variant);
+//   channel (BLOCK_ROOT_BC 2): matches uniform OneStep SRT arithmetic (omega clamp,
+//          zero Guo forcing term, compute_feq).
 #ifndef CELERIS_OPERATORS_BLOCK_COLLISION_CUH
 #define CELERIS_OPERATORS_BLOCK_COLLISION_CUH
 
@@ -11,7 +17,13 @@
 
 __device__ __forceinline__ void block_collide(float* f) {
 #if COLLISION_MODEL == 2
-    collide_mrt_unforced(f);  // SRT path below unchanged.
+    collide_mrt_unforced(f);
+#elif BLOCK_ROOT_BC == 2
+    float rho, ux, uy, feq[NQ], forcing[NQ] = {};
+    compute_rho_u(f, rho, ux, uy);
+    compute_feq(rho, ux, uy, feq);
+    const float omega = fminf(OMEGA_COLLISION_MAX, fmaxf(OMEGA_COLLISION_MIN, d_params.omega));
+    collide_srt(f, feq, forcing, omega);
 #else
     float rho, ux, uy, feq[NQ];
     compute_rho_u(f, rho, ux, uy);

src/CelerisLab/lbm/kernels/operators/collision_trt.cuh

@@ -57,25 +57,4 @@ __device__ __forceinline__ void collide_trt(float* __restrict__ f,
     }
 }
 
-__device__ __forceinline__ void collide_trt_no_force(float* __restrict__ f,
-                                                     const float* __restrict__ feq,
-                                                     float omega)
-{
-    const float wp = omega;
-    const float wm = compute_omega_minus(wp);
-
-    f[0] = f[0] - wp * (f[0] - feq[0]);
-
-    #pragma unroll
-    for (int i = 1; i < NQ; i += 2) {
-        const int ib = i + 1;
-        const float fi = f[i], fb = f[ib];
-        const float feqi = feq[i], feqb = feq[ib];
-        const float delta_s = 0.5f * ((fi - feqi) + (fb - feqb));
-        const float delta_a = 0.5f * ((fi - feqi) - (fb - feqb));
-        f[i]  = fi  - wp * delta_s - wm * delta_a;
-        f[ib] = fb  - wp * delta_s + wm * delta_a;
-    }
-}
-
 #endif // CELERIS_OPERATORS_COLLISION_TRT_CUH

src/CelerisLab/lbm/kernels/step/block_channel.cu

@@ -48,18 +48,7 @@ extern "C" __global__ void BlockChannelStep(
         } else {
             apply_wall_bb_d2q9_rows(gy, d_block_channel.ny - 2, f, in + base, k);
         }
-        if (!wall && !outlet) {
-#if COLLISION_MODEL == 2
-            collide_mrt_unforced(f);
-#else
-            // Match uniform SRT arithmetic, including its shifted equilibrium path.
-            float rho, ux, uy, feq[NQ], forcing[NQ] = {};
-            compute_rho_u(f, rho, ux, uy);
-            compute_feq(rho, ux, uy, feq);
-            const float omega = fminf(OMEGA_COLLISION_MAX, fmaxf(OMEGA_COLLISION_MIN, d_params.omega));
-            collide_srt(f, feq, forcing, omega);
-#endif
-        }
+        if (!wall && !outlet) block_collide(f);
     }
     stream_pull_store(k, f, out + base);
 }

src/CelerisLab/lbm/refinement.py

@@ -115,8 +115,9 @@ class FixedPatch2D:
         return self.bounds[0] - HALO / 2, self.bounds[1] - HALO / 2
 
     @property
-    def fine_level_origin(self) -> tuple[int, int]:
-        """(y, x) of this window's first cell on the level-wide 2:1 fine grid."""
+    def fine_level_offset(self) -> tuple[int, int]:
+        """Array index (y, x) of this window's first cell on the level-wide 2:1 fine grid
+        (an index offset, not an (x, y) origin)."""
         return 2 * self.bounds[1] - HALO, 2 * self.bounds[0] - HALO
 
     @property
@@ -151,7 +152,6 @@ class FixedPatch2D:
             raise ValueError("levels are not synchronized: fine_steps must equal 2*coarse_steps")
 
 
-MIN_PATCH_GAP = 4  # Legacy exported constant; union transfers impose no gap policy.
 
 
 @dataclass(frozen=True, eq=False)

src/CelerisLab/lbm/refinement_stepper.py

@@ -1,10 +1,11 @@
 # CelerisLab/lbm/refinement_stepper.py
-"""Opt-in fixed patch backend with optional stationary fine-interior circles.
+"""Blocked fixed 2:1 refinement hierarchy (any depth) with optional stationary circles/Jets.
 
 The caller owns the CudaContext and must close this backend before that context.
 Only synchronized postcollision_g leaf populations are public. No checkpoint,
-forcing or runtime parameter mutation is offered. Bounded manual periodic
-L2 set replacement is available at completed base intervals via remap_child.
+forcing or runtime parameter mutation besides Jet amplitudes is offered. A bounded
+manual periodic level-2 set replacement is available at completed base intervals
+via remap_finest. Level/pair/shape/frame conventions: lbm.hierarchy.Hierarchy.
 """
 from dataclasses import dataclass, replace
 from numbers import Integral
@@ -21,7 +22,7 @@ from .channel import channel_masks, validate_channel_config, validate_channel_tr
 from ..body.jets import jet_link_velocity
 from .hierarchy import build_hierarchy
 from .refinement import ACTIVE, HALO, FixedPatch2D, FixedPatchSet2D, prepare_fine_boundary
-from .refinement_tables import (blocked_base_tables, blocked_fine_tables,  # noqa: F401 (re-export)
+from .refinement_tables import (blocked_coarse_tables, blocked_fine_tables,
                                 blocked_kind, projected_explosion_tables, _prepare_blocked_boundary,
                                 _BlockedBoundary,
                                 BLOCKED_BOUNDARY_DEVICE_COLUMNS)
@@ -62,8 +63,26 @@ class _Level:
     boundary: object = None
 
 
-def _level_name(level):
-    return ("base", "fine", "child")[level] if level < 3 else f"level {level}"
+def _kernel_configs(cfg, pairs, wall_aware):
+    """Per-level kernel LBMConfig (window shape, viscosity doubling per level).
+
+    Deliberately distinct from Hierarchy.configs (refinement._middle_config), which
+    resets the wall fields on EVERY refined level for geometry validation. Here only
+    level 1 of a slot_reservoir root resets them (internal bounce-back/velocity ghost
+    setup); other levels inherit their parent's fields. These configs generate each
+    level's compiled config.h, so folding the two derivations is a numerical-parity
+    change (config.h/PTX diff gate), not a style one.
+    """
+    configs = [replace(cfg)]
+    for index, pair in enumerate(pairs):
+        parent = configs[-1]
+        level = replace(parent, nx=pair.fine_shape[1], ny=pair.fine_shape[0],
+                        viscosity=2 * parent.viscosity)
+        if index == 0 and wall_aware:
+            level = replace(level, y_wall_bc="bounce_back", top_wall_bc="velocity",
+                            wall_slot_width=0, wall_normal_velocity=0.0, velocity=0.0)
+        configs.append(level)
+    return configs
 
 
 MAX_GRID_DIM = 65535  # CUDA gridDim.y/z limit (rows, blocks)
@@ -104,7 +123,8 @@ class FixedPatchStepper:
     supported).
     ``refinements=[]`` is one blocked level: periodic SRT root without LES,
     Jets or exchange observation; its ``level_objects[0]`` are stationary
-    passive circles (static BFL).
+    passive circles (static BFL) in the integer-NODE frame, like Simulation
+    objects (see Hierarchy for frames).
 
     ``coarse_boundary`` is ``periodic`` (default) or ``slot_reservoir``:
     a bottom on-site slot and top fixed-density reservoir from ``cfg``.
@@ -116,7 +136,7 @@ class FixedPatchStepper:
     Periodic mode does not apply the wall/slot boundary fields in ``cfg``.
     Outer walls remain coarse; fine halo donors must be ordinary fluid.
 
-    Bodies are fixed circles in root (L0) physical coordinates; velocities are
+    Bodies of refined levels are fixed circles in root (L0) physical coordinates; velocities are
     in root lattice units (dx=dt=1). Independent local copies are projected at
     fine cell centers; their complete stencil must be active and disjoint from
     the actual two-hop transfer footprint. These use the edge/cell-center frame
@@ -163,11 +183,18 @@ class FixedPatchStepper:
     lattice velocity); every whole circle and its BFL stencil must fit strictly
     away from that level's transfer footprint.
 
-    ``explosion="projected_linear"`` selects experimental transverse linear
-    reconstruction on each adjacent pair. Default "constant" is unchanged.
-    Projected mode requires periodic root, all-blocked SRT levels without
-    bodies/Jets or LES; this backend supplies no forcing. Geometry is generic,
-    but union/multilevel GPU and matched-physics qualification remain pending.
+    ``explosion`` selects the parent->child reconstruction of every pair:
+    ``"constant"`` (default) or ``"projected_linear"``, an optional transverse
+    linear reconstruction (Schornbaum-Ruede/Chen style) that is GPU-confirmed
+    more accurate than constant only on periodic two-level single-rectangle
+    Taylor-Green cases; union/multilevel GPU and matched-physics qualification
+    remain pending. It requires a periodic root and SRT levels without
+    bodies/Jets or LES; this backend supplies no forcing.
+
+    Per-level read-only state: ``hierarchy.pairs`` (pair l-1 builds level l),
+    ``layouts``, ``boundaries`` (host geometry), ``jets`` and ``leaf`` masks,
+    each indexed by level. ``set_jet_amplitude``, ``read_raw_exchange`` and
+    ``read_exchange_window`` take an explicit ``level=``.
 
     One recursive hop advances every level: a child explodes from its parent's
     current hop source, takes two hops, then the parent gathers halos, stages
@@ -233,42 +260,26 @@ class FixedPatchStepper:
                 layout = BlockLayout2D.build(*pairs[level - 1].fine_shape, *block,
                                              periodic=(False, False))
             if layout.nblocks > MAX_GRID_DIM or layout.local_shape[0] > MAX_GRID_DIM:
-                raise ValueError(f"{_level_name(level)} blocks exceed launch limits")
+                raise ValueError(f"level {level} blocks exceed launch limits")
             self._layouts.append(layout)
         if self._channel:
-            base = blocked_base_tables(pairs[0], self._layouts[0], np.argsort(pairs[0].coalesce_coarse))
+            base = blocked_coarse_tables(pairs[0], self._layouts[0], np.argsort(pairs[0].coalesce_coarse))
             validate_channel_transfers(pairs[0], self._layouts[0], base[1])
-        # Kernel configurations per level (geometry configs live in self.hierarchy).
-        self._level_cfgs = [replace(cfg)]
-        if pairs:
-            fine_cfg = replace(cfg, nx=pairs[0].fine_shape[1], ny=pairs[0].fine_shape[0],
-                               viscosity=2 * cfg.viscosity)
-            if self._wall_aware:
-                fine_cfg = replace(fine_cfg, y_wall_bc="bounce_back", top_wall_bc="velocity",
-                                   wall_slot_width=0, wall_normal_velocity=0.0, velocity=0.0)
-            self._level_cfgs.append(fine_cfg)
-        for pair in pairs[1:]:
-            parent = self._level_cfgs[-1]
-            self._level_cfgs.append(replace(parent, nx=pair.fine_shape[1], ny=pair.fine_shape[0],
-                                            viscosity=2 * parent.viscosity))
-        # Per-level boundary geometry in the root edge frame (level l spacing 2**-l).
-        self._boundary_hosts = [None]
-        origin, spacing = (0.0, 0.0), 1.0
-        spacings = [spacing]
+        self._level_cfgs = _kernel_configs(cfg, pairs, self._wall_aware)
+        # Host boundary geometry per level in the root edge frame (Hierarchy.edge_frame).
+        self._boundaries = [None]
         for level in range(1, depth):
             pair = pairs[level - 1]
-            if level == 1:
+            if level == 1:  # the root config carries the wall-aware boundary fields
                 host = prepare_fine_boundary(cfg, pair, level_objects[1],
                                              wall_aware=self._wall_aware, jets=level_jets[1],
                                              _shifted_blocked=self._ddf_shifting)
             else:
+                origin, spacing = self.hierarchy.edge_frame(level - 1)
                 host = prepare_fine_boundary(self._level_cfgs[level - 1], pair, level_objects[level],
                                              jets=level_jets[level], parent_origin=origin,
                                              parent_spacing=spacing, _shifted_blocked=self._ddf_shifting)
-            self._boundary_hosts.append(host)
-            origin = tuple(o + spacing * f for o, f in zip(origin, pair.fine_origin))
-            spacing /= 2
-            spacings.append(spacing)
+            self._boundaries.append(host)
         if not isinstance(observe_raw_exchange, bool):
             raise ValueError("observe_raw_exchange must be bool")
         self._observe_raw_exchange = observe_raw_exchange
@@ -280,7 +291,7 @@ class FixedPatchStepper:
         self._window_valid = False
         self._window_start = None
         self._exchange_valid = False
-        self._exchange_spacing = tuple(spacings)
+        self._exchange_spacing = tuple(self.hierarchy.edge_frame(l)[1] for l in range(depth))
         self._exchange_centers = tuple(tuple(tuple(o.geometry.center) for o in objects)
                                        for objects in level_objects)
         self._level_jets = level_jets
@@ -288,8 +299,8 @@ class FixedPatchStepper:
         if depth == 1 and level_objects[0]:
             tables = static_circle_tables(self._layouts[0], level_objects[0])
             root = _BlockedBoundary(None, tables, (), False)
-        self._level_boundaries = [root] + [
-            _prepare_blocked_boundary(self._boundary_hosts[level], self._layouts[level],
+        self._device_boundaries = [root] + [
+            _prepare_blocked_boundary(self._boundaries[level], self._layouts[level],
                                       self._level_cfgs[level], level_jets[level],
                                       _shifted_blocked=self._ddf_shifting)
             for level in range(1, depth)]
@@ -297,14 +308,14 @@ class FixedPatchStepper:
         if root is not None:
             self._leaf[0] &= ~root.tables["solid"]
         for level in range(1, depth):
-            host = self._boundary_hosts[level]
+            host = self._boundaries[level]
             if host is not None:
                 self._leaf[level] &= (host.flags.reshape(pairs[level - 1].fine_shape) & SOLID) == 0
         self._state = [mask.copy() for mask in self._leaf]
         if self._channel:
             self._leaf[0] &= channel_masks((cfg.ny, cfg.nx))[0]
-        # Private constructor inputs for the bounded manual L2 continuation.
-        self._remap_cfg = replace(cfg)
+        # Private constructor inputs for remap_finest.
+        self._root_cfg = replace(cfg)
         self._level_blocks = level_blocks
         self.ctx = context
         self._lock = RLock()
@@ -325,21 +336,8 @@ class FixedPatchStepper:
                 for index, pair in enumerate(pairs):
                     self._pairs.append(self._build_pair(index, pair))
                 for level in self._levels:
-                    b = level.boundary
-                    if b is not None:
-                        b.flags = self._upload(b.tables["flags"])
-                        b.device = {k: self._upload(v) for k, v in b.tables.items()
-                                    if k in BLOCKED_BOUNDARY_DEVICE_COLUMNS}
-                        if self._observe_raw_exchange:
-                            b.device.update(rx=self._upload(b.tables["rx"]),
-                                            ry=self._upload(b.tables["ry"]))
-                            count = len(b.tables["cell"])
-                            b.last_raw = self._allocate(count * 4 * 4)
-                            b.interval_integral = self._allocate(count * 4 * 8)
-                            if self._observe_window:
-                                b.window_integral = self._allocate(count * 4 * 8)
-                            b.accumulate = level.module.get_function("BlockAccumulateExchange")
-                        b.kernel = level.module.get_function("BlockCurvedBoundary")
+                    if level.boundary is not None:
+                        self._upload_boundary(level)
             except BaseException:
                 try:
                     self.close()
@@ -347,6 +345,22 @@ class FixedPatchStepper:
                     pass  # Preserve the original construction failure.
                 raise
 
+    def _upload_boundary(self, level):
+        """Device columns, BFL kernel and (when observed) the exchange ledgers of one level."""
+        b = level.boundary
+        b.flags = self._upload(b.tables["flags"])
+        b.device = {k: self._upload(v) for k, v in b.tables.items()
+                    if k in BLOCKED_BOUNDARY_DEVICE_COLUMNS}
+        if self._observe_raw_exchange:
+            b.device.update(rx=self._upload(b.tables["rx"]), ry=self._upload(b.tables["ry"]))
+            count = len(b.tables["cell"])
+            b.last_raw = self._allocate(count * 4 * 4)
+            b.interval_integral = self._allocate(count * 4 * 8)
+            if self._observe_window:
+                b.window_integral = self._allocate(count * 4 * 8)
+            b.accumulate = level.module.get_function("BlockAccumulateExchange")
+        b.kernel = level.module.get_function("BlockCurvedBoundary")
+
     def _planned_bytes(self):
         """Both G buffers, halo pairs and boundary columns of every level (transfer tables excluded).
 
@@ -357,7 +371,7 @@ class FixedPatchStepper:
         for index, layout in enumerate(self._layouts):
             total += 2 * 4 * int(np.prod(layout.blocked_shape))
             total += layout.halo_dst.nbytes + layout.halo_src.nbytes
-            b = self._level_boundaries[index]
+            b = self._device_boundaries[index]
             if b is not None:
                 total += sum(np.asarray(v).nbytes for k, v in b.tables.items()
                              if k == "flags" or k in BLOCKED_BOUNDARY_DEVICE_COLUMNS)
@@ -380,19 +394,19 @@ class FixedPatchStepper:
         grid = ((config.nx + self._block[0] - 1) // self._block[0], config.ny, layout.nblocks)
         level = _Level(shape, module, self._allocate(size), self._allocate(size),
                        module.get_function(name), grid, layout)
-        level.boundary = self._level_boundaries[index]
+        level.boundary = self._device_boundaries[index]
         level.halo_copy = module.get_function("BlockHaloCopy")
         if len(layout.halo_dst):
             level.halo_dst = self._upload(layout.halo_dst)
             level.halo_src = self._upload(layout.halo_src)
         if index == 0 and self._channel:
-            cfg = self._remap_cfg
+            cfg = self._root_cfg
             ptr, size = module.get_global("d_block_channel")
             if size != struct.calcsize("=IIf"):
                 raise RuntimeError("Block channel host/device layout mismatch")
             cuda.memcpy_htod(ptr, struct.pack("=IIf", cfg.nx, cfg.ny, cfg.velocity))
         if index == 0 and self._wall_aware:
-            cfg = self._remap_cfg
+            cfg = self._root_cfg
             ptr, size = module.get_global("d_block_wall")
             if size != struct.calcsize("=IIIf"):
                 raise RuntimeError("Block wall host/device layout mismatch")
@@ -406,11 +420,11 @@ class FixedPatchStepper:
         order = np.argsort(pair.coalesce_coarse)
         ghosts, children, child_kind = blocked_fine_tables(pair, child.layout, order)
         if index == 0:
-            donors, targets, parent_kind = blocked_base_tables(pair, parent.layout, order,
+            donors, targets, parent_kind = blocked_coarse_tables(pair, parent.layout, order,
                                                                self._wall_aware)
         else:
             # Nested pairs keep inherited INNER/OUTER and sparse holes of the parent.
-            donors, targets, parent_kind = blocked_base_tables(
+            donors, targets, parent_kind = blocked_coarse_tables(
                 pair, parent.layout, order, composed_kind=self.hierarchy.kinds[index])
         result = _Pair(child.module.get_function("BlockExplode"),
                        parent.module.get_function("BlockCoalesce"),
@@ -516,14 +530,15 @@ class FixedPatchStepper:
                 self._status = "failed"
                 raise
 
-    def remap_child(self, rectangles, *, child_objects=()):
-        """Return a NEW ready stepper with an L2 set replaced at this base time.
+    def remap_finest(self, rectangles, *, objects=()):
+        """Return a NEW ready stepper with the level-2 set replaced at this base time.
 
-        Periodic three-level set children only; L0/L1 and block sizes stay fixed.
-        A body run requires its original root-edge-frame ``child_objects``:
+        Periodic three-level hierarchies whose level 2 is a set only; levels 0/1 and
+        block sizes stay fixed. A body run requires its original root-edge-frame
+        level-2 ``objects``:
         stationary circles with identical physical boundary and BFL support.
         Other fluid coverage may change, even in the same connected union.
-        Current L2 Jets (including updated amplitudes)
+        Current level-2 Jets (including updated amplitudes)
         are preserved. Local projected boundary objects are not valid inputs.
         The lock and stream synchronization certify
         current postcollision G and the completed 1:2:4 counts internally.
@@ -541,19 +556,20 @@ class FixedPatchStepper:
             pairs = self.hierarchy.pairs
             if (self._wall_aware or self._channel or self.hierarchy.depth != 3
                     or not isinstance(pairs[1], FixedPatchSet2D)
-                    or self._boundary_hosts[1] is not None
-                    or any(b is not None for b in self._level_boundaries[:2])):
-                raise ValueError("remap_child requires periodic three-level L2 sets with no L0/L1 bodies")
-            cfg = self._remap_cfg
-            child_objects = tuple(child_objects)
-            actual = self._level_boundaries[2]
+                    or self._boundaries[1] is not None
+                    or any(b is not None for b in self._device_boundaries[:2])):
+                raise ValueError("remap_finest requires a periodic three-level hierarchy with a "
+                                 "level-2 set and no level-0/1 bodies")
+            cfg = self._root_cfg
+            objects = tuple(objects)
+            actual = self._device_boundaries[2]
             jets = () if actual is None else actual.jets
             old = RemapTopology.from_config(cfg, pairs[0], pairs[1].bounds,
-                                           child_objects=child_objects, child_jets=jets,
+                                           child_objects=objects, child_jets=jets,
                                            _shifted_blocked=self._ddf_shifting)
-            if (not same_physical_boundary(old.boundary, self._boundary_hosts[2])
-                    or (self._boundary_hosts[2] is not None and actual is None)):
-                raise ValueError("child_objects must reproduce the original root-edge-frame boundary")
+            if (not same_physical_boundary(old.boundary, self._boundaries[2])
+                    or (self._boundaries[2] is not None and actual is None)):
+                raise ValueError("objects must reproduce the original root-edge-frame level-2 boundary")
             if actual is not None:
                 velocity = actual.tables.get("surface_velocity")
                 if velocity is None:
@@ -561,18 +577,17 @@ class FixedPatchStepper:
                                                  _shifted_blocked=self._ddf_shifting)
                 if (not same_physical_boundary(old.boundary, actual.host)
                         or not np.array_equal(old.surface_velocity, velocity)):
-                    raise ValueError("child_objects changed boundary ownership or surface velocity")
+                    raise ValueError("objects changed boundary ownership or surface velocity")
             new = RemapTopology.from_config(cfg, pairs[0], rectangles,
-                                           child_objects=child_objects, child_jets=jets,
+                                           child_objects=objects, child_jets=jets,
                                            _shifted_blocked=self._ddf_shifting)
             if (not same_physical_boundary(old.boundary, new.boundary)
                     or not np.array_equal(old.surface_velocity, new.surface_velocity)):
                 raise ValueError("remap requires the identical pinned physical boundary and BFL support")
-            base_block, fine_block, child_block = self._level_blocks
             # Check sparse block alignment/launch size before any device read/allocation.
-            layout = new.child.fine_layout(child_block)
+            layout = new.child.fine_layout(self._level_blocks[2])
             if layout.nblocks > MAX_GRID_DIM or layout.local_shape[0] > MAX_GRID_DIM:
-                raise ValueError("child blocks exceed launch limits")
+                raise ValueError("level 2 blocks exceed launch limits")
             with self.ctx.activate():
                 try:
                     self._stream.synchronize()
@@ -588,8 +603,8 @@ class FixedPatchStepper:
                 phase="postcollision_g", **options)
             candidate = type(self)(
                 cfg, context=self.ctx, refinements=[pairs[0].bounds, new.child.bounds],
-                level_blocks=[base_block, fine_block, child_block],
-                level_objects=[(), (), child_objects], level_jets=[(), (), jets],
+                level_blocks=list(self._level_blocks),
+                level_objects=[(), (), objects], level_jets=[(), (), jets],
                 observe_raw_exchange=self._observe_raw_exchange,
                 observe_window_exchange=self._observe_window, explosion=self._explosion)
             try:
@@ -606,10 +621,9 @@ class FixedPatchStepper:
                 raise
             return candidate
 
-    def set_jet_amplitude(self, index, amplitude, *, level=1):
-        """Replace one jet's amplitude between steps; no geometry/table rebuild.
+    def set_jet_amplitude(self, index, amplitude, *, level):
+        """Replace Jet ``index`` of ``level_jets[level]`` between steps; no geometry/table rebuild.
 
-        ``level=1`` preserves the L1 default; use ``level=2`` for child_jets.
         Invalid input raises before any change. A device/sync error marks the
         instance failed (as step/initialize do); host state commits only after
         a successful upload.
@@ -618,8 +632,8 @@ class FixedPatchStepper:
             self._require("new", "ready")
             if (isinstance(level, bool) or not isinstance(level, Integral)
                     or not 1 <= level < self.hierarchy.depth):
-                raise ValueError("Jet level must name an existing refined level (1 = first)")
-            boundary = self._level_boundaries[level]
+                raise ValueError("Jet level must name an existing refined level (1 .. depth-1)")
+            boundary = self._device_boundaries[level]
             jets = list(self._level_jets[level])
             jets[index] = jets[index].with_amplitude(amplitude)  # validates first
             velocity = None
@@ -726,7 +740,7 @@ class FixedPatchStepper:
                 self._exchange_valid = False
                 for _ in range(n):
                     if self._observe_raw_exchange:  # stream-ordered: holds the last interval only
-                        for b in self._level_boundaries:
+                        for b in self._device_boundaries:
                             if b is not None:
                                 cuda.memset_d8_async(b.interval_integral, 0,
                                                      len(b.tables["cell"]) * 32, self._stream)
@@ -749,7 +763,7 @@ class FixedPatchStepper:
                 raise RuntimeError("window exchange observation is disabled")
             self._window_valid = False
             try:
-                for b in self._level_boundaries:
+                for b in self._device_boundaries:
                     if b is not None and b.window_integral is not None:
                         cuda.memset_d8(b.window_integral, 0, len(b.tables["cell"]) * 32)
             except BaseException:
@@ -758,7 +772,23 @@ class FixedPatchStepper:
             self._window_start = self._step_count
             self._window_valid = True
 
-    def read_exchange_window(self, body_id, *, level=1):
+    def _observed_boundary(self, level, body_id):
+        if (isinstance(level, bool) or not isinstance(level, Integral)
+                or not 0 <= level < len(self._levels)):
+            raise ValueError("level must name an existing level")
+        b = self._device_boundaries[level]
+        if (b is None or isinstance(body_id, bool) or not isinstance(body_id, Integral)
+                or not 0 <= body_id < len(b.host.objects)):
+            raise ValueError("body_id must name a body on this level")
+        return b
+
+    def _summarize(self, b, rows, level, body_id, window, **kw):
+        return summarize_exchange(rows, b.tables["body_id"], b.tables["aperture"],
+                                  body_id=body_id, level=level, h=self._exchange_spacing[level],
+                                  time_end=self._step_count, window=window,
+                                  reference_center=self._exchange_centers[level][body_id], **kw)
+
+    def read_exchange_window(self, body_id, *, level):
         """Non-destructive read of [window start, current step count] in base-lattice units."""
         with self._lock, self.ctx.activate():
             self._require("ready")
@@ -769,26 +799,16 @@ class FixedPatchStepper:
             duration = self._step_count - self._window_start
             if duration < 1:
                 raise RuntimeError("exchange window requires at least one completed base interval")
-            if (isinstance(level, bool) or not isinstance(level, Integral)
-                    or not 0 <= level < len(self._levels)):
-                raise ValueError("level must name an existing level")
-            b = self._level_boundaries[level]
-            if (b is None or isinstance(body_id, bool) or not isinstance(body_id, Integral)
-                    or not 0 <= body_id < len(b.host.objects)):
-                raise ValueError("body_id must name a body on this level")
+            b = self._observed_boundary(level, body_id)
             rows = np.empty((len(b.tables["cell"]), 4), np.float64)
             try:
                 cuda.memcpy_dtoh(rows, b.window_integral)
             except BaseException:
                 self._status = "failed"
                 raise
-            return summarize_exchange(rows, b.tables["body_id"], b.tables["aperture"],
-                                      body_id=body_id, level=level, h=self._exchange_spacing[level],
-                                      time_end=self._step_count, window="window",
-                                      reference_center=self._exchange_centers[level][body_id],
-                                      duration=duration)
+            return self._summarize(b, rows, level, body_id, "window", duration=duration)
 
-    def read_raw_exchange(self, body_id, *, level=1, window="last_base_step"):
+    def read_raw_exchange(self, body_id, *, level, window="last_base_step"):
         """Read raw boundary reaction about its geometric center in the root edge frame.
 
         Repeated reads and step(0) preserve the window. last_substep samples
@@ -802,13 +822,7 @@ class FixedPatchStepper:
                 raise RuntimeError("raw exchange observation is disabled")
             if not self._exchange_valid:
                 raise RuntimeError("raw exchange requires a completed base interval")
-            if (isinstance(level, bool) or not isinstance(level, Integral)
-                    or not 0 <= level < len(self._levels)):
-                raise ValueError("level must name an existing level")
-            b = self._level_boundaries[level]
-            if (b is None or isinstance(body_id, bool) or not isinstance(body_id, Integral)
-                    or not 0 <= body_id < len(b.host.objects)):
-                raise ValueError("body_id must name a body on this level")
+            b = self._observed_boundary(level, body_id)
             if window not in ("last_base_step", "last_substep"):
                 raise ValueError("window must be last_base_step or last_substep")
             count = len(b.tables["cell"])
@@ -818,10 +832,7 @@ class FixedPatchStepper:
             except BaseException:
                 self._status = "failed"
                 raise
-            return summarize_exchange(rows, b.tables["body_id"], b.tables["aperture"],
-                                      body_id=body_id, level=level, h=self._exchange_spacing[level],
-                                      time_end=self._step_count, window=window,
-                                      reference_center=self._exchange_centers[level][body_id])
+            return self._summarize(b, rows, level, body_id, window)
 
     def download(self):
         """Return physical G (FP64 for shifted storage), NaN on non-leaves."""
@@ -862,7 +873,7 @@ class FixedPatchStepper:
                         self._stream.synchronize()
                 except Exception as exc:
                     error = exc
-                for b in getattr(self, "_level_boundaries", ()):
+                for b in getattr(self, "_device_boundaries", ()):
                     if b is not None:
                         b.flags = b.device = b.kernel = None
                         b.last_raw = b.interval_integral = b.accumulate = None
@@ -889,24 +900,10 @@ class FixedPatchStepper:
             if exc[0] is None:
                 raise
 
-    # Read-only compatibility views over the level lists, kept on purpose for the existing
-    # tests and docs. Internal code must not use them; it reads hierarchy/_layouts/_level_*.
-    patch = property(lambda self: self.hierarchy.pairs[0])
-    child_patch = property(lambda self: self.hierarchy.pairs[1] if self.hierarchy.depth > 2 else None)
-    base_layout = property(lambda self: self._layouts[0])
-    fine_layout = property(lambda self: self._layouts[1])
-    child_layout = property(lambda self: self._layouts[2] if len(self._layouts) > 2 else None)
-    fine_boundary = property(lambda self: self._boundary_hosts[1])
-    child_boundary = property(lambda self: self._boundary_hosts[2] if len(self._boundary_hosts) > 2
-                              else None)
-    _jets = property(lambda self: self._level_jets[1])
-    _boundaries = property(lambda self: {i: b for i, b in enumerate(self._level_boundaries) if i})
-    _fine_tables = property(lambda self: None if self._level_boundaries[1] is None
-                            else self._level_boundaries[1].tables)
-    _actuated = property(lambda self: self._level_boundaries[1] is not None
-                         and self._level_boundaries[1].actuated)
-    _jet_cache = property(lambda self: None if self._level_boundaries[1] is None
-                          else self._level_boundaries[1].jet_cache)
-    _fine_leaf = property(lambda self: self._leaf[1])
-    _child_leaf = property(lambda self: self._leaf[2] if len(self._leaf) > 2 else None)
-    _middle_kind = property(lambda self: self.hierarchy.kinds[1] if self.hierarchy.depth > 2 else None)
+    # Read-only per-level state, indexed by level (0 = root). Pairs: hierarchy.pairs[l-1].
+    layouts = property(lambda self: tuple(self._layouts))
+    boundaries = property(lambda self: tuple(self._boundaries),
+                          doc="Host boundary geometry per level (None: no bodies/Jets).")
+    jets = property(lambda self: tuple(self._level_jets))
+    leaf = property(lambda self: tuple(m.copy() for m in self._leaf),
+                    doc="Per-level (ny, nx) masks of public (non-NaN) download cells.")

src/CelerisLab/lbm/refinement_tables.py

@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ def blocked_kind(layout, dense_kind):
     kind[owner[owned]] = np.asarray(dense_kind).ravel()[owned]
     return kind
 
-def blocked_base_tables(patch, layout, order, wall_aware=False, *, composed_kind=None):
+def blocked_coarse_tables(patch, layout, order, wall_aware=False, *, composed_kind=None):
     """Parent donor cells and receiver-local arrival slots, in transfer row order.
 
     Stage arrivals only after child reads and parent halo gather, immediately

src/CelerisLab/simulation.py

@@ -47,6 +47,7 @@ class Simulation:
         # Internal stream for async DTOH coordination
         self._stream: Optional[cuda.Stream] = None
         self._closed = False
+        self._failed = None  # reason after an uncertain device write; only close() remains
 
         # Load configs
         self.lbm_cfg = load_lbm_config(lbm_config_path)
@@ -89,6 +90,7 @@ class Simulation:
     @context_bound
     def stream(self) -> cuda.Stream:
         """Internal CUDA stream for async DTOH coordination."""
+        self._require_usable()
         if self._stream is None:
             self._stream = cuda.Stream()
         return self._stream
@@ -172,15 +174,27 @@ class Simulation:
     def set_jet_amplitude(self, index: int, amplitude: float) -> None:
         """Change one jet's signed amplitude; re-uploads per-link velocity only.
 
-        Invalid input changes nothing. A device error leaves the host amplitude
-        unchanged but the device column undefined: treat it like any other CUDA
-        exception here and close/recreate the Simulation before stepping again.
+        Invalid input raises before any change. Any error after validation
+        (stream creation or upload) leaves the host amplitude unchanged but the
+        device column undefined, so the Simulation is marked failed: every later
+        device-touching public method (incl. ``stream``) raises; close() still
+        works. Close and recreate it.
         """
+        self._require_usable()
         jet = self.bodies.jets[index].with_amplitude(amplitude)
         if self._initialized:
-            self.field.curved.set_jet_amplitude(index, amplitude, self.stream)
+            try:
+                self.field.curved.set_jet_amplitude(index, amplitude, self.stream)
+            except BaseException as exc:
+                self._failed = f"jet amplitude upload failed: {exc!r}"
+                raise
         self.bodies.jets[index] = jet  # later geometry syncs keep the new amplitude
 
+    def _require_usable(self):
+        failed = getattr(self, "_failed", None)
+        if failed is not None:
+            raise RuntimeError(f"Simulation failed ({failed}); close() and recreate it")
+
     def remove_body(self, id: int) -> None:
         """Remove a body from the simulation.
 
@@ -338,6 +352,7 @@ class Simulation:
         Unlike read_body this is not accumulated/time-averaged. It resets after
         geometry sync or checkpoint load; advance before interpreting it.
         """
+        self._require_usable()
         obj = self.bodies.get(id)
         curved = self.field.curved
         has_aperture = (curved.aperture is not None
@@ -365,6 +380,7 @@ class Simulation:
             BodyTelemetry with fields ``force``, ``torque``, ``sensor``.
             ``sensor`` is a dim-length array of zeros for non-sensor bodies.
         """
+        self._require_usable()
         if self.bodies.obs_pinned is None:
             raise RuntimeError("No obs buffer. Call run() first.")
         if stream is None:
@@ -384,6 +400,7 @@ class Simulation:
         This is the most efficient readback for DRL control loops
         (single contiguous D2H copy, no Python per-body overhead).
         """
+        self._require_usable()
         if self.bodies.obs_pinned is None:
             raise RuntimeError("No obs buffer. Call run() first.")
         if stream is None:
@@ -446,6 +463,7 @@ class Simulation:
     @context_bound
     def initialize(self):
         """Initialize flow field and sync objects to GPU."""
+        self._require_usable()
         self._assert_allocation_contract()
         # Validate the complete geometry before flags, populations or modules
         # change. Compact-list construction publishes no outputs on failure.
@@ -478,6 +496,7 @@ class Simulation:
         In EsoPull mode, the backing layout is decoded to physical DDF on
         GPU for the patched cells only, patched on host, then encoded back.
         """
+        self._require_usable()
         if not self._initialized:
             raise RuntimeError("Call initialize() before sync_bodies()")
 
@@ -573,6 +592,7 @@ class Simulation:
                 sensor) on GPU and reset the step accumulator before stepping.
             checkpoint_interval: Nonnegative integer; if >0, save every N steps.
         """
+        self._require_usable()
         if not self._initialized:
             raise RuntimeError("Call initialize() first")
         steps = operator.index(steps)
@@ -637,10 +657,12 @@ class Simulation:
     @context_bound
     def get_macroscopic(self) -> Dict[str, np.ndarray]:
         """Download DDF and return rho, ux, uy [, uz]."""
+        self._require_usable()
         return self.field.get_macroscopic(step_id=self.stepper.step_count)
 
     @context_bound
     def get_ddf(self) -> np.ndarray:
+        self._require_usable()
         self.field.download_ddf(step_id=self.stepper.step_count)
         return self.field.ddf.copy()
 
@@ -654,23 +676,27 @@ class Simulation:
 
         Accepted: omega, fx, fy, fz, n_objects.
         """
+        self._require_usable()
         self.field.update_params(**kwargs)
 
     # -- Snapshots -----------------------------------------------------------
     @context_bound
     def snapshot(self):
         """Snapshot the flow field; restore keeps the current clock and controls."""
+        self._require_usable()
         self.field.snapshot(step_id=self.stepper.step_count)
 
     @context_bound
     def restore(self):
         """Restore the saved flow field at the current streaming parity."""
+        self._require_usable()
         self.field.restore(step_id=self.stepper.step_count)
 
     # -- Checkpoint / Restore (HDF5) ----------------------------------------
     @context_bound
     def save_checkpoint(self, path: str = None):
         """Save full simulation state to an HDF5 file."""
+        self._require_usable()
         from .common.checkpoint import save_checkpoint
         if self.bodies.jets:
             raise NotImplementedError("Jets are not checkpointed yet")
@@ -680,6 +706,7 @@ class Simulation:
     @context_bound
     def load_checkpoint(self, path: str):
         """Restore simulation state from an HDF5 checkpoint."""
+        self._require_usable()
         from .common.checkpoint import load_checkpoint
         if not self._initialized:
             self.initialize()

tests/integration/test_jet_update_gpu.py

@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+"""Direct Simulation Jet control upload; boundary-law accuracy is tested elsewhere."""
+import numpy as np
+import pycuda.driver as cuda
+
+from CelerisLab.body.jets import Jet, Radial, Sector
+from CelerisLab.lbm.descriptors import FLUID
+from ._cases import make_sim
+
+
+def test_simulation_jet_amplitude_upload_and_continued_steps():
+    # Same grid/circle/sector as the existing uniform surface-actuation fixture.
+    center = (16., 12.)
+    with make_sim(nx=32, ny=24, velocity=0) as sim:
+        sim.add_body("circle", center=center, radius=4.3)
+        index = sim.add_jet(Jet(Sector(center, .7, .85, 4.4),
+                                Radial(center, inward=False), "quartic", .002))
+        sim.initialize()
+        curved = sim.field.curved
+        shape, jet_id = curved.jet_shape.copy(), curved.jet_id.copy()
+        flags = sim.get_flags()
+        driven = jet_id == index
+        assert driven.any() and (~driven).any()
+        velocity_pointer = int(curved.surface_velocity_gpu)
+        previous = None
+        for interval, amplitude in enumerate((.002, -.001)):
+            if interval:
+                count = sim.stepper.step_count
+                sim.set_jet_amplitude(index, amplitude)
+                assert sim.stepper.step_count == count  # update does not step
+            expected = np.zeros_like(curved.surface_velocity)
+            expected[driven] = (amplitude * shape[driven]).astype(np.float32)
+            actual = np.empty_like(expected)
+            with sim.ctx.activate():
+                cuda.memcpy_dtoh(actual, curved.surface_velocity_gpu)
+            np.testing.assert_array_equal(actual, expected)  # actual device column
+            np.testing.assert_array_equal(curved.surface_velocity, expected)
+            assert np.any(actual[driven] != 0)
+            if previous is not None:
+                assert not np.array_equal(actual[driven], previous[driven])
+            previous = actual.copy()
+            assert sim.bodies.jets[index].amplitude == amplitude
+            assert curved.jets[index].amplitude == amplitude
+            assert int(curved.surface_velocity_gpu) == velocity_pointer
+            np.testing.assert_array_equal(curved.jet_shape, shape)
+            np.testing.assert_array_equal(curved.jet_id, jet_id)
+            np.testing.assert_array_equal(sim.get_flags(), flags)
+            sim.run(2)
+            assert sim.stepper.step_count == 2 * (interval + 1)
+            assert sim._failed is None
+            macro = sim.get_macroscopic()
+            fluid = (flags.reshape(24, 32) & FLUID) != 0
+            assert all(np.isfinite(value[fluid]).all() for value in macro.values())
+            assert np.all(macro["rho"][fluid] > 0)

tests/unit/cpp/channel_root.cpp

@@ -42,6 +42,7 @@ inline float __fdiv_rn(float a,float b){return a/b;}
 #include "step/one_step_double.cu"
 #else
 #include "core/cell_kind.cuh"
+#include "operators/block_collision.cuh"
 #include "step/block_channel.cu"
 #endif
 int main(){

tests/unit/test_channel_root.py

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ from CelerisLab.config import LBMConfig
 from CelerisLab.lbm.blocks import BlockLayout2D
 from CelerisLab.lbm.channel import channel_masks, validate_channel_config, validate_channel_transfers
 from CelerisLab.lbm.refinement import FixedPatch2D
-from CelerisLab.lbm.refinement_tables import blocked_base_tables
+from CelerisLab.lbm.refinement_tables import blocked_coarse_tables
 from .test_numerical_operators import compile_run
 
 
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ def transfer(bounds, block=(4, 6)):
     cfg = LBMConfig(nx=24, ny=20, viscosity=.1)
     pair = FixedPatch2D.from_config(cfg, bounds)
     layout = BlockLayout2D.build(20, 24, *block)
-    targets = blocked_base_tables(pair, layout, np.argsort(pair.coalesce_coarse))[1]
+    targets = blocked_coarse_tables(pair, layout, np.argsort(pair.coalesce_coarse))[1]
     return pair, layout, targets
 
 

tests/unit/test_jet_update_failure.py

@@ -0,0 +1,149 @@
+"""Jet amplitude update failure contract (host doubles only, no CUDA numerics).
+
+Both owners validate before any device write, commit host state only after the
+upload returns, and refuse every later call except close() after an uncertain
+device write.
+"""
+from types import SimpleNamespace
+
+import numpy as np
+import pytest
+
+pytest.importorskip("pycuda.driver")
+from CelerisLab import simulation as module
+from CelerisLab.body.jets import Jet, Radial, Sector
+from tests.unit.test_pinned_body_remap import ready
+from tests.unit.test_simulation_lifecycle import make_simulation
+
+BAD = (float("nan"), float("inf"), 1.)
+
+
+class Curved:
+    """Records uploads; ``fail`` raises once the write was attempted."""
+    def __init__(self):
+        self.writes, self.fail = [], False
+
+    def set_jet_amplitude(self, index, amplitude, stream):
+        self.writes.append((index, amplitude))
+        if self.fail:
+            raise RuntimeError("upload failed")
+
+
+def simulation(monkeypatch):
+    sim = make_simulation(monkeypatch)
+    jet = Jet(Sector((6., 5.), 0., .5, 4.), Radial((6., 5.)), "uniform", 1e-3)
+    sim._failed, sim._initialized = None, True
+    sim.bodies, sim.field = SimpleNamespace(jets=[jet]), SimpleNamespace(curved=Curved())
+    return sim, jet
+
+
+def test_simulation_invalid_input_writes_nothing_and_stays_usable(monkeypatch):
+    sim, jet = simulation(monkeypatch)
+    for amplitude in BAD:
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+            sim.set_jet_amplitude(0, amplitude)
+    with pytest.raises(IndexError):
+        sim.set_jet_amplitude(1, 2e-3)
+    assert sim.field.curved.writes == [] and sim.bodies.jets[0] is jet and sim._failed is None
+    sim.set_jet_amplitude(0, 2e-3)  # retry after a rejected input
+    assert sim.field.curved.writes == [(0, 2e-3)] and sim.bodies.jets[0].amplitude == 2e-3
+    sim.close()
+
+
+def test_simulation_upload_failure_keeps_host_and_blocks_reuse(monkeypatch):
+    sim, jet = simulation(monkeypatch)
+    sim.field.curved.fail = True
+    with pytest.raises(RuntimeError, match="upload failed"):
+        sim.set_jet_amplitude(0, 2e-3)
+    assert sim.bodies.jets[0] is jet and sim._failed is not None
+    sim.field.curved.fail = False
+    for call in (lambda: sim.set_jet_amplitude(0, 2e-3), lambda: sim.run(1), sim.step,
+                 sim.sync_bodies, sim.initialize, sim.get_ddf, sim.get_macroscopic,
+                 lambda: sim.read_surface_exchange(0), lambda: sim.read_body(0),
+                 sim.read_bodies, sim.snapshot, sim.restore, sim.save_checkpoint,
+                 lambda: sim.load_checkpoint("x.h5"), lambda: sim.update_runtime_params(omega=1.)):
+        with pytest.raises(RuntimeError, match="Simulation failed"):
+            call()
+    assert sim.field.curved.writes == [(0, 2e-3)]
+    sim.close()  # cleanup still works
+    assert sim._closed and sim.ctx.is_closed
+
+
+def test_simulation_stream_creation_failure_fails_closed(monkeypatch):
+    sim, jet = simulation(monkeypatch)
+    created = []
+    def stream():
+        created.append(1)
+        raise RuntimeError("stream creation failed")
+    monkeypatch.setattr(module.cuda, "Stream", stream, raising=False)
+    sim._stream = None
+    with pytest.raises(RuntimeError, match="stream creation failed"):
+        sim.set_jet_amplitude(0, 2e-3)
+    assert sim.bodies.jets[0] is jet and sim._failed is not None
+    assert sim.field.curved.writes == [] and created == [1]
+    for call in (lambda: sim.stream, lambda: sim.set_jet_amplitude(0, 2e-3)):
+        with pytest.raises(RuntimeError, match="Simulation failed"):
+            call()
+    assert created == [1]  # the public stream property does not retry creation
+    sim.ctx.detach_failure = True
+    with pytest.raises(RuntimeError, match="detach failed"):
+        sim.close()
+    assert not sim._closed
+    sim.close()  # close stays retryable after the failure
+    assert sim._closed and sim.ctx.is_closed
+
+
+def test_simulation_before_initialize_commits_host_only(monkeypatch):
+    sim, _ = simulation(monkeypatch)
+    sim._initialized = False
+    sim.set_jet_amplitude(0, -2e-3)
+    assert sim.field.curved.writes == [] and sim.bodies.jets[0].amplitude == -2e-3
+    sim.close()
+
+
+def stepper_state(run):
+    boundary = run._device_boundaries[2]
+    return boundary.tables["surface_velocity"].copy(), boundary.jets, run.jets[2]
+
+
+def test_stepper_invalid_input_writes_nothing_and_stays_ready():
+    run, module, _, _, _ = ready()
+    try:
+        velocity, jets, level_jets = stepper_state(run)
+        module.cuda.memcpy_htod.reset_mock()
+        for args, kw, error in [((0, a), {"level": 2}, ValueError) for a in BAD] + [
+                ((1, .01), {"level": 2}, IndexError), ((0, .01), {"level": 3}, ValueError)]:
+            with pytest.raises(error):
+                run.set_jet_amplitude(*args, **kw)
+        module.cuda.memcpy_htod.assert_not_called()
+        np.testing.assert_array_equal(run._device_boundaries[2].tables["surface_velocity"], velocity)
+        assert (run._device_boundaries[2].jets, run.jets[2]) == (jets, level_jets)
+        assert run._status == "ready"
+        run.set_jet_amplitude(0, .017, level=2)
+        assert run.jets[2][0].amplitude == .017
+    finally:
+        run.close()
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("where", ["upload", "synchronize"])
+def test_stepper_device_failure_keeps_host_and_blocks_reuse(where):
+    run, module, _, _, _ = ready()
+    try:
+        velocity, jets, level_jets = stepper_state(run)
+        if where == "upload":
+            module.cuda.memcpy_htod.side_effect = RuntimeError("upload failed")
+        else:
+            run._stream.synchronize.side_effect = RuntimeError("upload failed")
+        with pytest.raises(RuntimeError, match="upload failed"):
+            run.set_jet_amplitude(0, .017, level=2)
+        np.testing.assert_array_equal(run._device_boundaries[2].tables["surface_velocity"], velocity)
+        assert (run._device_boundaries[2].jets, run.jets[2]) == (jets, level_jets)
+        assert run._status == "failed"
+        module.cuda.memcpy_htod.side_effect = None
+        run._stream.synchronize.side_effect = None
+        for call in (lambda: run.set_jet_amplitude(0, .017, level=2), run.step, run.download):
+            with pytest.raises(RuntimeError, match="failed"):
+                call()
+    finally:
+        run.close()
+    assert run._status == "closed"

tests/unit/test_jets.py

@@ -194,6 +194,7 @@ def test_public_surface_exchange_for_jet_preserves_aperture_at_zero_and_reverse(
     field, bodies = jet_case(device, [jet])
     sim = SimpleNamespace(bodies=bodies, field=field, _initialized=True,
                           stream=SimpleNamespace(synchronize=device.synchronize))
+    sim._require_usable = Simulation._require_usable.__get__(sim)
     cl = field.curved
     assert bodies.get(0).surface_actuation is None
     aperture, velocity = cl.aperture, cl.surface_velocity.copy()
@@ -218,6 +219,7 @@ def test_public_surface_exchange_keeps_legacy_and_passive_guards(device):
     bodies.sync_to_gpu(field)
     sim = SimpleNamespace(bodies=bodies, field=field,
                           stream=SimpleNamespace(synchronize=device.synchronize))
+    sim._require_usable = Simulation._require_usable.__get__(sim)
     for value in Simulation.read_surface_exchange(sim, 0).values():
         np.testing.assert_array_equal(value, 0.)
     field.curved.free_gpu_columns()

tests/unit/test_multiple_pinned_remap.py

@@ -94,13 +94,13 @@ class MultiplePinnedRemap(unittest.TestCase):
         run.set_jet_amplitude(0, .017, level=2)
         run.set_jet_amplitude(1, -.011, level=2)
         before = run.download()
-        clone = run.remap_child((PINS+MOVED+ADDED)[::-1], child_objects=bodies)
+        clone = run.remap_finest((PINS+MOVED+ADDED)[::-1], objects=bodies)
         try:
-            self.assertEqual(tuple(j.amplitude for j in clone._boundaries[2].jets), (.017, -.011))
-            np.testing.assert_array_equal(clone._boundaries[2].tables['surface_velocity'],
-                                          run._boundaries[2].tables['surface_velocity'])
+            self.assertEqual(tuple(j.amplitude for j in clone._device_boundaries[2].jets), (.017, -.011))
+            np.testing.assert_array_equal(clone._device_boundaries[2].tables['surface_velocity'],
+                                          run._device_boundaries[2].tables['surface_velocity'])
             clone.set_jet_amplitude(1, .005, level=2)
-            self.assertEqual(run._boundaries[2].jets[1].amplitude, -.011)
+            self.assertEqual(run._device_boundaries[2].jets[1].amplitude, -.011)
             clone.step()
             self.assertEqual((run.step_count, clone.step_count), (7, 8))
             for got, want in zip(run.download(), before):
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ class MultiplePinnedRemap(unittest.TestCase):
         start = len(allocations)
         module.cuda.memcpy_dtoh.reset_mock()
         with self.assertRaisesRegex(ValueError, 'boundary'):
-            run.remap_child(PINS+FLUID, child_objects=changed)
+            run.remap_finest(PINS+FLUID, objects=changed)
         self.assertEqual(len(allocations), start)
         module.cuda.memcpy_dtoh.assert_not_called()
         with self.assertRaisesRegex(ValueError, 'pinned'):
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ class MultiplePinnedRemap(unittest.TestCase):
         cases = [(PINS+FLUID, bodies[:1]), (PINS+FLUID, bodies[::-1]),
                  (PINS+FLUID, (bodies[0], body(center=(32.1, 10.)))),
                  (PINS+FLUID, (bodies[0], body(SurfaceActuation(0., .7, 0.), (32., 10.)))),
-                 (PINS+FLUID, run.child_boundary.objects)]
+                 (PINS+FLUID, run.boundaries[2].objects)]
         for index in range(2):
             changed = list(PINS+FLUID)
             x0, y0, x1, y1 = changed[index]
@@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ class MultiplePinnedRemap(unittest.TestCase):
         run._stream.synchronize.reset_mock()
         for rects, supplied in cases:
             with self.subTest(rects=rects), self.assertRaises(ValueError):
-                run.remap_child(rects, child_objects=supplied)
+                run.remap_finest(rects, objects=supplied)
         self.assertEqual(len(allocations), start)
         module.cuda.memcpy_dtoh.assert_not_called()
         run._stream.synchronize.assert_not_called()

tests/unit/test_pinned_body_remap.py

@@ -61,11 +61,11 @@ class PinnedBodyRemap(unittest.TestCase):
         run,module,allocations,storage,objects=ready()
         run.set_jet_amplitude(0,.017,level=2)
         before=run.download()
-        clone=run.remap_child(B,child_objects=objects)
-        self.assertEqual(clone._boundaries[2].jets[0].amplitude,.017)
-        np.testing.assert_array_equal(clone._boundaries[2].tables['surface_velocity'],
-                                      run._boundaries[2].tables['surface_velocity'])
-        self.assertTrue(same_physical_boundary(run.child_boundary,clone.child_boundary))
+        clone=run.remap_finest(B,objects=objects)
+        self.assertEqual(clone._device_boundaries[2].jets[0].amplitude,.017)
+        np.testing.assert_array_equal(clone._device_boundaries[2].tables['surface_velocity'],
+                                      run._device_boundaries[2].tables['surface_velocity'])
+        self.assertTrue(same_physical_boundary(run.boundaries[2],clone.boundaries[2]))
         clone.step()
         self.assertEqual((run.step_count,clone.step_count),(7,8))
         for got,want in zip(run.download(),before): np.testing.assert_array_equal(got,want)
@@ -73,22 +73,22 @@ class PinnedBodyRemap(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def test_static_body_without_actuation(self):
         run,module,allocations,storage,objects=ready(jets=())
-        clone=run.remap_child(A,child_objects=objects)
-        self.assertFalse(clone._boundaries[2].actuated)
-        self.assertNotIn('surface_velocity',clone._boundaries[2].tables)
+        clone=run.remap_finest(A,objects=objects)
+        self.assertFalse(clone._device_boundaries[2].actuated)
+        self.assertNotIn('surface_velocity',clone._device_boundaries[2].tables)
         for a,b in zip(run.download(),clone.download()): np.testing.assert_array_equal(a,b)
         clone.close();run.close()
 
     def test_reject_before_device_reads_or_allocation(self):
         run,module,allocations,storage,objects=ready()
         start=len(allocations)
-        cases=[(B,()),(B,run.child_boundary.objects),(B,(body(center=(12.1,14.)),)),
+        cases=[(B,()),(B,run.boundaries[2].objects),(B,(body(center=(12.1,14.)),)),
                (((24,16,36,40),B[1]),objects),(((16,28,32,40),B[1]),objects),
                ((B[1],),objects)]
         module.cuda.memcpy_dtoh.reset_mock()
         for rects,objs in cases:
             with self.subTest(rects=rects),self.assertRaises(ValueError):
-                run.remap_child(rects,child_objects=objs)
+                run.remap_finest(rects,objects=objs)
         self.assertEqual(len(allocations),start)
         module.cuda.memcpy_dtoh.assert_not_called()
         self.assertEqual((run._status,run.step_count),('ready',7))
@@ -100,9 +100,9 @@ class PinnedBodyRemap(unittest.TestCase):
                 (body(SurfaceActuation(0.,.7,speed)),),())
             for spec in (SurfaceActuation(0.,.7,.003),SurfaceActuation(2.,.7,speed)):
                 module.cuda.memcpy_dtoh.reset_mock()
-                with self.assertRaises(ValueError): run.remap_child(B,child_objects=(body(spec),))
+                with self.assertRaises(ValueError): run.remap_finest(B,objects=(body(spec),))
                 module.cuda.memcpy_dtoh.assert_not_called()
-            clone=run.remap_child(B,child_objects=objects)
+            clone=run.remap_finest(B,objects=objects)
             clone.close();run.close()
 
     def test_allocation_failure_keeps_old_ready_and_count(self):
@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ class PinnedBodyRemap(unittest.TestCase):
             return allocate(size)
         with patch.object(module.cuda,'mem_alloc',side_effect=fail):
             with self.assertRaisesRegex(RuntimeError,'allocation'):
-                run.remap_child(B,child_objects=objects)
+                run.remap_finest(B,objects=objects)
         self.assertEqual((run._status,run.step_count),('ready',7))
         for got,want in zip(run.download(),before): np.testing.assert_array_equal(got,want)
         for a in saved: a.free.assert_not_called()

tests/unit/test_projected_pair_stepper.py

@@ -164,7 +164,7 @@ class ProjectedPairDispatch(unittest.TestCase):
             run, host, _, _, storage = backend(refinements=FOUR[:2], explosion=explosion)
             run._step_count = 7
             old = run.download()
-            clone = run.remap_child(FOUR[1])
+            clone = run.remap_finest(FOUR[1])
             self.assertEqual(clone._explosion, explosion)
             self.assertEqual(clone.step_count, 7)
             for pair in clone._pairs:
@@ -182,7 +182,7 @@ class ProjectedPairDispatch(unittest.TestCase):
                 refinements=FOUR[:2], explosion='projected_linear')
             run._step_count = 3
             before = run.download()
-            clone = run.remap_child(changed)
+            clone = run.remap_finest(changed)
             self.assertEqual(clone._explosion, 'projected_linear')
             self.assertEqual(clone.hierarchy.pairs[1].bounds, tuple(changed))
             self.assertNotEqual(clone._pairs[1].n_ghosts, run._pairs[1].n_ghosts)

tests/unit/test_raw_exchange.py

@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ class RawExchange(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def test_four_level_schedule_publication_and_fixed_storage(self):
         run, host, calls, arrays = backend()
-        b = run._level_boundaries[3]
+        b = run._device_boundaries[3]
         rows = len(b.tables['cell'])
         self.assertEqual(b.last_raw.size, rows * 16)
         self.assertEqual(b.interval_integral.size, rows * 32)
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ class RawExchange(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def test_disabled_has_nulls_and_no_observation_allocation_or_launch(self):
         run, host, calls, _ = backend(False)
-        b = run._level_boundaries[3]
+        b = run._device_boundaries[3]
         self.assertIs(b.last_raw, b.interval_integral)
         self.assertIs(b.interval_integral, None)
         run.step()

tests/unit/test_refined_dfg.py

@@ -524,6 +524,11 @@ def test_public_jet_reversal_boundary_and_windows():
         assert r.jet_interval(handle, "reverse", switch + 80, 80, diameter) == (80, None)
         assert r.jet_interval(handle, "fixed", switch, 80, diameter) == (80, None)
         assert not calls
+    refined_calls = []
+    refined = SimpleNamespace(set_jet_amplitude=lambda i, a, *, level: refined_calls.append((i, a, level)))
+    n, event = r.jet_interval(refined, "reverse", switch, 80, diameter, level=1)
+    assert n == 80 and event["step"] == switch and event["tstar"] == 300
+    assert refined_calls == [(0, -.001, 1), (1, .001, 1)]
     rows = [dict(tstar=t, tstar_force=t - .5, cd=2.0, cl=-.1) for t in range(251, 306)]
     windows = r.jet_diagnostics(rows, "reverse")
     assert len(windows) == 6 and all(w["complete"] for w in windows)

tests/unit/test_refinement.py

@@ -177,7 +177,7 @@ class FixedPatchSetTests(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertEqual((fy, fx), (32, 48))
         rows = cells = 0
         for p in s.patches:
-            y0, x0 = p.fine_level_origin
+            y0, x0 = p.fine_level_offset
             ly, lx = p.fine_shape
             np.testing.assert_array_equal(s.fine_kind[y0:y0 + ly, x0:x0 + lx], p.fine_kind)
             gy, gx = np.divmod(p.ghost_fine.astype(np.int64), lx)
@@ -224,7 +224,7 @@ class FixedPatchSetTests(unittest.TestCase):
             layout = s.fine_layout((4, 4))
             support = np.zeros(s.fine_shape, bool)
             for p in s.patches:
-                y0, x0 = p.fine_level_origin
+                y0, x0 = p.fine_level_offset
                 support[y0:y0 + p.fine_shape[0], x0:x0 + p.fine_shape[1]] = True
             np.testing.assert_array_equal(layout.owned, support)
             self.assertTrue(layout.owned.ravel()[s.ghost_fine.astype(np.intp)].all())

tests/unit/test_refinement_mrt.py

@@ -31,7 +31,10 @@ class RefinementMRTHost(unittest.TestCase):
                      "compute_feq(rho, ux, uy, feq);",
                      "collide_srt_no_force(f, feq, d_params.omega);"):
             self.assertIn(text, block_collision)
-        self.assertIn("collide_srt(f, feq, forcing, omega);", channel)
+        self.assertIn("collide_srt(f, feq, forcing, omega);", block_collision)
+        self.assertIn("#elif BLOCK_ROOT_BC == 2", block_collision)
+        self.assertEqual(channel.count("block_collide(f);"), 1)
+        self.assertNotIn("collide_mrt_unforced(f);", channel)
         for source in (blocks,):
             self.assertIn("(COLLISION_MODEL != 0 && COLLISION_MODEL != 2)", source)
             self.assertIn("USE_LES", source)
@@ -40,7 +43,7 @@ class RefinementMRTHost(unittest.TestCase):
         # One shared unforced MRT body; each blocked/patch path calls it exactly once.
         mrt = (KERNELS / "operators/collision_mrt.cuh").read_text()
         self.assertEqual(mrt.count("void collide_mrt_unforced("), 1)
-        for source in (blocks + "\n" + block_collision, channel):
+        for source in (blocks + "\n" + block_collision, channel + "\n" + block_collision):
             self.assertEqual(source.count("collide_mrt_unforced(f);"), 1)
             self.assertNotIn("collide_mrt_no_force(", source)
             self.assertNotIn("compute_rho_u(f, rho, ux, uy);\n            collide_mrt", source)

tests/unit/test_refinement_three_level_multipatch.py

@@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ class Gate(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_sparse_parent_tables_preserve_inherited_kinds(self):
         child,kind=r.nest_patch_set(CFG,self.parent,CHILDREN)
         layout=self.parent.fine_layout((4,4));order=np.argsort(child.coalesce_coarse)
-        donors,targets,bkind=host.blocked_base_tables(child,layout,order,composed_kind=kind)
+        donors,targets,bkind=host.blocked_coarse_tables(child,layout,order,composed_kind=kind)
         self.assertTrue((donors < layout.hole).all())
         self.assertTrue((targets < np.prod(layout.blocked_shape)).all())
         np.testing.assert_array_equal(bkind[layout.owner[layout.owned]],kind[layout.owned])
@@ -158,10 +158,10 @@ class Gate(unittest.TestCase):
         hole=int(np.flatnonzero(~layout.owned.ravel())[0])
         bad=child.ghost_coarse.copy();bad[0]=hole
         with self.assertRaisesRegex(ValueError,'owned uncovered'):
-            host.blocked_base_tables(replace(child,ghost_coarse=bad),layout,order,composed_kind=kind)
+            host.blocked_coarse_tables(replace(child,ghost_coarse=bad),layout,order,composed_kind=kind)
         bad=child.coalesce_coarse.copy();bad[0]=hole
         with self.assertRaisesRegex(ValueError,'owned uncovered'):
-            host.blocked_base_tables(replace(child,coalesce_coarse=bad),layout,order,composed_kind=kind)
+            host.blocked_coarse_tables(replace(child,coalesce_coarse=bad),layout,order,composed_kind=kind)
 
 
 def bodies_and_jets(speed=.002):

tests/unit/test_runtime_child_remap.py

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ class RuntimeChildRemap(unittest.TestCase):
         saved = {key: value.copy() for key, value in storage.items()}
         old_allocations = list(allocations)
         module.cuda.memcpy_dtoh.reset_mock()
-        clone = run.remap_child(A)
+        clone = run.remap_finest(A)
         self.assertEqual(module.cuda.memcpy_dtoh.call_count, 3)
         for a, b in zip(clone.download(), before):
             np.testing.assert_array_equal(a, b)
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ class RuntimeChildRemap(unittest.TestCase):
         run, module, allocations, storage = ready_backend()
         before = run.download()
         expected = remap(topology(A), topology(B), before).g
-        clone = run.remap_child(B)
+        clone = run.remap_finest(B)
         for level, want, got in zip(clone._levels, expected, clone.download()):
             np.testing.assert_array_equal(got, want)
             for ptr in (level.current, level.spare):
@@ -65,17 +65,17 @@ class RuntimeChildRemap(unittest.TestCase):
         module.cuda.memcpy_dtoh.reset_mock()
         for status in ('new', 'failed', 'closed', 'advancing'):
             run._status = status
-            with self.assertRaises(RuntimeError): run.remap_child(B)
+            with self.assertRaises(RuntimeError): run.remap_finest(B)
         run._status = 'ready'
         for bad in ([], [(40,16,48,40)], [(16,16,32,24),(16,27,32,55)]):
-            with self.assertRaises(ValueError): run.remap_child(bad)
-        hosts, pairs = run._boundary_hosts, run.hierarchy.pairs
+            with self.assertRaises(ValueError): run.remap_finest(bad)
+        hosts, pairs = run._boundaries, run.hierarchy.pairs
         for attribute, value in (('_wall_aware', True),
-                                 ('_boundary_hosts', [*hosts[:2], object()]),        # child boundary
-                                 ('_boundary_hosts', [hosts[0], object(), hosts[2]]),  # fine boundary
+                                 ('_boundaries', [*hosts[:2], object()]),        # child boundary
+                                 ('_boundaries', [hosts[0], object(), hosts[2]]),  # fine boundary
                                  ('hierarchy', replace(run.hierarchy, pairs=(pairs[0], None)))):
             with patch.object(run, attribute, value):
-                with self.assertRaises(ValueError): run.remap_child(B)
+                with self.assertRaises(ValueError): run.remap_finest(B)
         self.assertEqual(len(allocations), start)
         module.cuda.memcpy_dtoh.assert_not_called()
         run.close()
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ class RuntimeChildRemap(unittest.TestCase):
                         initialize(candidate, *arrays)
                 operation = patch.object(type(run), 'initialize', fail)
             with operation, self.assertRaisesRegex(RuntimeError, 'candidate'):
-                run.remap_child(B)
+                run.remap_finest(B)
             self.assertEqual((run._status, run.step_count), ('ready', 7))
             for a, b in zip(run.download(), before): np.testing.assert_array_equal(a, b)
             for allocation in old_allocations: allocation.free.assert_not_called()
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ class RuntimeChildRemap(unittest.TestCase):
             target = run._stream.synchronize if operation == 'sync' else module.cuda.memcpy_dtoh
             target.side_effect = RuntimeError('old device failure')
             with self.assertRaisesRegex(RuntimeError, 'old device'):
-                run.remap_child(B)
+                run.remap_finest(B)
             self.assertEqual(run._status, 'failed')
             self.assertEqual(len(allocations), start)
             target.side_effect = None

tests/unit/test_shifted_jets.py

@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ class ShiftedJets(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_switch_upload_only_then_raw_remap_keeps_live_velocity(self):
         run,module,allocations,storage,objects=ready();clone=None
         try:
-            boundary=run._level_boundaries[2]
+            boundary=run._device_boundaries[2]
             before=run._download_raw()
             original=boundary.tables['surface_velocity'].copy()
             module.cuda.memcpy_htod.reset_mock()
@@ -77,13 +77,13 @@ class ShiftedJets(unittest.TestCase):
             np.testing.assert_array_equal(boundary.tables['surface_velocity'],-original)
             self.assertEqual(run.step_count,7)
             for a,b in zip(before.values,run._download_raw().values):self.assertEqual(a.tobytes(),b.tobytes())
-            clone=run.remap_child(B,child_objects=objects)
-            self.assertEqual(clone._level_jets[2][0].amplitude,-jet().amplitude)
-            np.testing.assert_array_equal(clone._level_boundaries[2].tables['surface_velocity'],
+            clone=run.remap_finest(B,objects=objects)
+            self.assertEqual(clone.jets[2][0].amplitude,-jet().amplitude)
+            np.testing.assert_array_equal(clone._device_boundaries[2].tables['surface_velocity'],
                                           boundary.tables['surface_velocity'])
             self.assertEqual(clone.step_count,7)
             saved=run._download_raw()
-            with self.assertRaises(ValueError):run.remap_child(B,child_objects=(body(center=(12.1,14.)),))
+            with self.assertRaises(ValueError):run.remap_finest(B,objects=(body(center=(12.1,14.)),))
             for a,b in zip(saved.values,run._download_raw().values):self.assertEqual(a.tobytes(),b.tobytes())
         finally:
             if clone is not None:clone.close()
@@ -92,12 +92,12 @@ class ShiftedJets(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_invalid_amplitude_does_not_upload_or_commit(self):
         run,module,_,_,_=ready()
         try:
-            before=run._level_boundaries[2].tables['surface_velocity'].copy()
+            before=run._device_boundaries[2].tables['surface_velocity'].copy()
             module.cuda.memcpy_htod.reset_mock()
             for amplitude in (float('nan'),float('inf'),1.):
                 with self.assertRaises(ValueError):run.set_jet_amplitude(0,amplitude,level=2)
             module.cuda.memcpy_htod.assert_not_called()
-            np.testing.assert_array_equal(before,run._level_boundaries[2].tables['surface_velocity'])
+            np.testing.assert_array_equal(before,run._device_boundaries[2].tables['surface_velocity'])
         finally:run.close()
 
 

tests/unit/test_shifted_storage.py

@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ class ShiftedStorage(unittest.TestCase):
             before = run._download_raw()
             expected = remap(topology(A),topology(B),before.values)
             with patch.object(run,'download',side_effect=AssertionError('public decode used')):
-                clone = run.remap_child(B)
+                clone = run.remap_finest(B)
             self.assertEqual((run.step_count,clone.step_count),(7,7))
             self.assertFalse(clone._exchange_valid)
             for level, want, got in zip(clone._levels,expected.g,clone._download_raw().values):
@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ class ShiftedStorage(unittest.TestCase):
             physical = tuple(np.broadcast_to(_WEIGHTS, level.shape).copy() for level in run._levels)
             for a in physical: a[1] += 2**-35
             run.initialize(*physical)
-            for a,mask in zip(run._download_raw().values,run._leaf):
+            for a,mask in zip(run._download_raw().values,run.leaf):
                 self.assertTrue((a[1,mask] == np.float32(2**-35)).all())
             self.assertEqual(run.step_count,0)
             module.cuda.memcpy_htod.reset_mock()

tests/unit/test_single_level.py

@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ class SingleLevel(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def test_circle_solids_are_not_state(self):
         run, _, _ = backend((circle(),))
-        solid = run._level_boundaries[0].tables["solid"]
+        solid = run._device_boundaries[0].tables["solid"]
         self.assertTrue(solid.any())
         np.testing.assert_array_equal(run._state[0], ~solid)
 

tests/unit/test_state_regressions.py

@@ -295,6 +295,7 @@ def test_passive_overlap_failure_keeps_live_state(device, entry, second_x):
                           _initialized=entry == "runtime_edit",
                           _assert_allocation_contract=lambda: None,
                           stream=SimpleNamespace(synchronize=device.synchronize))
+    sim._require_usable = Simulation._require_usable.__get__(sim)
     with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="active fluid receivers|unique cut-link writers"):
         if entry == "sync":
             bodies.sync_to_gpu(field)

tests/unit/test_union_body_support.py

@@ -35,10 +35,10 @@ class UnionBodySupport(unittest.TestCase):
         run,module,allocations,storage,objects=ready()
         try:
             run.set_jet_amplitude(0,.017,level=2)
-            clone=run.remap_child(((16,16,24,40),(24,16,32,40),A[1]),child_objects=objects)
+            clone=run.remap_finest(((16,16,24,40),(24,16,32,40),A[1]),objects=objects)
             try:
-                self.assertEqual(clone._boundaries[2].jets[0].amplitude,.017)
-                self.assertTrue(same_physical_boundary(run.child_boundary,clone.child_boundary))
+                self.assertEqual(clone._device_boundaries[2].jets[0].amplitude,.017)
+                self.assertTrue(same_physical_boundary(run.boundaries[2],clone.boundaries[2]))
                 for a,b in zip(run.download(),clone.download()):np.testing.assert_array_equal(a,b)
             finally:clone.close()
         finally:run.close()

tests/unit/test_union_refinement.py

@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ class Equivalence(unittest.TestCase):
                          table_sets(FixedPatchSet2D.from_config(CFG, [(8, 8, 20, 22)])))
 
     def test_separated_rectangles_reproduce_current_tables(self):
-        rects = [(4, 4, 10, 10), (16, 16, 26, 26)]  # gap 6 >= MIN_PATCH_GAP
+        rects = [(4, 4, 10, 10), (16, 16, 26, 26)]  # separated rectangles; union dependencies determine legality
         self.assertEqual(table_sets(union(*rects)),
                          table_sets(FixedPatchSet2D.from_config(CFG, rects)))
 

tests/validation/multigrid/test_block_stepper.py

@@ -240,7 +240,7 @@ class SingleLevelGPU(unittest.TestCase):
         with CudaContext(0) as context:
             for split in SPLITS:
                 with single(context=context, block=split, objects=[circle()]) as backend:
-                    tables = backend._level_boundaries[0].tables
+                    tables = backend._device_boundaries[0].tables
                     for key, values, dtype in (("q", [l.q for l in links], np.float32),
                                                ("dir", [l.dir for l in links], np.uint8),
                                                ("fallback", [l.fallback for l in links], np.uint8)):

tests/validation/multigrid/test_channel_root_gpu.py

@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ class ChannelRootGPU(unittest.TestCase):
                             arrays = [state(*level.shape[1:]) for level in backend._levels]
                             backend.initialize(*arrays)
                             backend.step(4)
-                            if bodies: backend.set_jet_amplitude(0, -.001)
+                            if bodies: backend.set_jet_amplitude(0, -.001, level=1)
                             backend.step(4)
                             raw = backend._download_raw()
                             physical = backend.download()
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ class ChannelRootGPU(unittest.TestCase):
                             else:
                                 for a,b in zip(reference, raw.values): np.testing.assert_array_equal(a,b)
                             with self.assertRaisesRegex(ValueError, "periodic"):
-                                backend.remap_child([])
+                                backend.remap_finest([])
 
 
 if __name__ == "__main__": unittest.main()

tests/validation/multigrid/test_exchange_window.py

@@ -59,44 +59,44 @@ class ExchangeWindowCPU(unittest.TestCase):
             stack.enter_context(patch.object(cuda, "memcpy_dtoh",
                                              side_effect=lambda out, src: out.fill(0)))
             backend = build(m)
-            b = backend._level_boundaries[1]
+            b = backend._device_boundaries[1]
             self.assertIsNotNone(b.window_integral)
             with self.assertRaises(RuntimeError):
                 backend.start_exchange_window()  # not initialized
             arrays = [np.full(level.shape, 1 / 9, np.float32) for level in backend._levels]
             backend.initialize(*arrays)
             with self.assertRaisesRegex(RuntimeError, "no valid exchange window"):
-                backend.read_exchange_window(0)
+                backend.read_exchange_window(0, level=1)
             backend.step(1)
             self.assertEqual(len(accumulations(m)), 2)  # closed window: interval ledger only
             backend.start_exchange_window()
             with self.assertRaisesRegex(RuntimeError, "at least one completed"):
-                backend.read_exchange_window(0)
+                backend.read_exchange_window(0, level=1)
             m["calls"].clear()
             backend.step(2)
             calls = accumulations(m)
             self.assertEqual(len(calls), 8)  # two fine hops x two ledgers x two base steps
             self.assertEqual({id(c[1][1]) for c in calls},
                              {id(b.interval_integral), id(b.window_integral)})
-            out = backend.read_exchange_window(0)
+            out = backend.read_exchange_window(0, level=1)
             self.assertEqual((out["time_start"], out["time_end"], out["sample_count"]), (1., 3, 4))
-            self.assertEqual(backend.read_exchange_window(0)["time_end"], 3)  # non-destructive
+            self.assertEqual(backend.read_exchange_window(0, level=1)["time_end"], 3)  # non-destructive
             backend.initialize(*arrays)  # invalidates
             with self.assertRaisesRegex(RuntimeError, "no valid exchange window"):
-                backend.read_exchange_window(0)
+                backend.read_exchange_window(0, level=1)
             backend.start_exchange_window()
             with patch.object(backend, "_hop", side_effect=RuntimeError("injected")):
                 with self.assertRaises(RuntimeError):
                     backend.step(1)
             self.assertFalse(backend._window_valid)
             with self.assertRaises(RuntimeError):
-                backend.read_exchange_window(0)  # failed status
+                backend.read_exchange_window(0, level=1)  # failed status
 
     def test_disabled_default_has_no_window_cost(self):
         with mocked_backend() as m, ExitStack() as stack:
             stack.enter_context(patch.object(cuda, "memset_d8_async"))
             backend = build(m, window=False)
-            self.assertIsNone(backend._level_boundaries[1].window_integral)
+            self.assertIsNone(backend._device_boundaries[1].window_integral)
             backend.initialize(*[np.full(l.shape, 1 / 9, np.float32) for l in backend._levels])
             backend.step(1)
             self.assertEqual(len(accumulations(m)), 2)
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ class ExchangeWindowGPU(unittest.TestCase):
                 windowed.step(2)
                 plain.step(2)
                 windowed.start_exchange_window()
-                b = windowed._level_boundaries[1]
+                b = windowed._device_boundaries[1]
                 count = len(b.tables["cell"])
                 factors = np.array([.25, .25, .125, .25])  # h*dt, h*h*dt, h*h for level-1 h=.5
                 scale = np.zeros(4)
@@ -140,12 +140,12 @@ class ExchangeWindowGPU(unittest.TestCase):
                 summed = {part: [0., 0., 0., 0.] for part in ("total", "wall", "aperture")}
                 steps = 0
                 for speed in (0., .002, .002, -.001, 0., 0.):  # amplitude updates stay in-window
-                    windowed.set_jet_amplitude(0, speed)
-                    plain.set_jet_amplitude(0, speed)
+                    windowed.set_jet_amplitude(0, speed, level=1)
+                    plain.set_jet_amplitude(0, speed, level=1)
                     windowed.step(1)
                     plain.step(1)
                     steps += 1
-                    obs = windowed.read_raw_exchange(0)
+                    obs = windowed.read_raw_exchange(0, level=1)
                     for part in summed:
                         o = obs[part]
                         summed[part] = [summed[part][0] + o["impulse"][0], summed[part][1] + o["impulse"][1],
@@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ class ExchangeWindowGPU(unittest.TestCase):
                                         summed[part][3] + o["mass_into_fluid"]]
                     for a, e in zip(windowed._download_raw().values, plain._download_raw().values):
                         same_bits(self, a, e)
-                out = windowed.read_exchange_window(0)
+                out = windowed.read_exchange_window(0, level=1)
                 self.assertEqual((out["time_end"] - out["time_start"], out["sample_count"]),
                                  (steps, 2 * steps))
                 self.assertEqual(substeps, 2 * steps)
@@ -165,11 +165,11 @@ class ExchangeWindowGPU(unittest.TestCase):
                     diff = np.abs(got - np.array(summed[part]))
                     self.assertTrue((diff <= bound).all(), f"{part}: {diff} > {bound}")
                     np.testing.assert_array_equal(o["force"], o["impulse"] / steps)
-                again = windowed.read_exchange_window(0)
+                again = windowed.read_exchange_window(0, level=1)
                 np.testing.assert_array_equal(again["total"]["impulse"], out["total"]["impulse"])
                 windowed.initialize(*arrays)
                 with self.assertRaises(RuntimeError):
-                    windowed.read_exchange_window(0)
+                    windowed.read_exchange_window(0, level=1)
 
 
 def audit_substeps(stepper, b, count, record):
@@ -212,7 +212,7 @@ class ExchangeWindowShiftedMRTGPU(unittest.TestCase):
                     run.step(2)
                     if run is not plain:
                         run.start_exchange_window()
-                b = windowed._level_boundaries[1]
+                b = windowed._device_boundaries[1]
                 count = len(b.tables["cell"])
                 record = dict(scale=np.zeros(4), substeps=0)
                 audit_substeps(windowed, b, count, record)
@@ -220,7 +220,7 @@ class ExchangeWindowShiftedMRTGPU(unittest.TestCase):
                 for _ in range(steps):
                     windowed.step(1)
                     plain.step(1)
-                    summed += components(windowed.read_raw_exchange(0))
+                    summed += components(windowed.read_raw_exchange(0, level=1))
                     for a, e in zip(windowed._download_raw().values, plain._download_raw().values):
                         same_bits(self, a, e)
                 split.step(steps)  # one call: same ledger arithmetic as five step(1) calls
@@ -228,31 +228,31 @@ class ExchangeWindowShiftedMRTGPU(unittest.TestCase):
                     same_bits(self, a, e)
                 rows = [np.empty((count, 4), np.float64) for _ in range(2)]
                 cuda.memcpy_dtoh(rows[0], b.window_integral)
-                cuda.memcpy_dtoh(rows[1], split._level_boundaries[1].window_integral)
+                cuda.memcpy_dtoh(rows[1], split._device_boundaries[1].window_integral)
                 np.testing.assert_array_equal(rows[0].view(np.uint64), rows[1].view(np.uint64))
 
-                out = windowed.read_exchange_window(0)
+                out = windowed.read_exchange_window(0, level=1)
                 self.assertEqual(record["substeps"], 2 * steps)
                 self.assertEqual((out["time_end"] - out["time_start"], out["sample_count"]),
                                  (steps, 2 * steps))
                 bound = 4 * (count * record["substeps"]) * EPS * record["scale"] + 1e-300
                 diff = np.abs(components(out) - summed)
                 self.assertTrue((diff <= bound).all(), f"{diff} > {bound}")
-                np.testing.assert_array_equal(split.read_exchange_window(0)["total"]["impulse"],
+                np.testing.assert_array_equal(split.read_exchange_window(0, level=1)["total"]["impulse"],
                                               out["total"]["impulse"])
 
                 windowed.step(0)  # no interval: window and its duration unchanged
-                again = windowed.read_exchange_window(0)
+                again = windowed.read_exchange_window(0, level=1)
                 self.assertEqual(again["time_end"], out["time_end"])
                 np.testing.assert_array_equal(again["total"]["impulse"], out["total"]["impulse"])
 
                 windowed.start_exchange_window()  # reset after a window
                 with self.assertRaisesRegex(RuntimeError, "at least one completed"):
-                    windowed.read_exchange_window(0)
+                    windowed.read_exchange_window(0, level=1)
                 record.update(scale=np.zeros(4), substeps=0)
                 windowed.step(1)
-                single = components(windowed.read_raw_exchange(0))
-                reset = windowed.read_exchange_window(0)
+                single = components(windowed.read_raw_exchange(0, level=1))
+                reset = windowed.read_exchange_window(0, level=1)
                 self.assertEqual(reset["time_end"] - reset["time_start"], 1)
                 bound = 4 * (count * record["substeps"]) * EPS * record["scale"] + 1e-300
                 self.assertTrue((np.abs(components(reset) - single) <= bound).all())

tests/validation/multigrid/test_fine_surface_gpu.py

@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ def run_blocked_patch(speed):
                                               level_objects=[(), (source,)],
                                               observe_raw_exchange=True) as backend:
             c, f = backend._levels
-            flags = backend.fine_boundary.flags.reshape(40, 40)
+            flags = backend.boundaries[1].flags.reshape(40, 40)
             active = np.zeros((40, 40), bool)
             active[4:-4, 4:-4] = True
             active &= ((flags & FLUID) != 0) & ((flags & SOLID) == 0)
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ def run_blocked_patch(speed):
             with patch.object(f, "kernel", fine):
                 backend.step(2)
             assert len(traces) == 4 and backend.step_count == 2
-            mass = backend.read_raw_exchange(0)["total"]["mass_into_fluid"]
+            mass = backend.read_raw_exchange(0, level=1)["total"]["mass_into_fluid"]
             return traces, roi, backend.download(), float(mass)
 
 

tests/validation/multigrid/test_multiple_pinned_remap_gpu.py

@@ -56,8 +56,8 @@ def make(context):
 
 def topology(run, rectangles, objects):
     return RemapTopology.from_config(
-        CFG, run.patch, rectangles, child_objects=objects,
-        child_jets=run._boundaries[2].jets,
+        CFG, run.hierarchy.pairs[0], rectangles, child_objects=objects,
+        child_jets=run._device_boundaries[2].jets,
     )
 
 
@@ -74,8 +74,8 @@ class MultiplePinnedRemapGPU(unittest.TestCase):
     def change_amplitudes(self, run, amplitudes):
         # Each jet selects a different body. Updating one must preserve the
         # other body's current per-link velocities, including its driven links.
-        boundary = run._boundaries[2]
-        body_ids = run.child_boundary.curved_host[3]
+        boundary = run._device_boundaries[2]
+        body_ids = run.boundaries[2].curved_host[3]
         for index, amplitude in enumerate(amplitudes):
             before = boundary.tables['surface_velocity'].copy()
             run.set_jet_amplitude(index, amplitude, level=2)
@@ -87,11 +87,11 @@ class MultiplePinnedRemapGPU(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def check_boundary(self, old, new, mesh, amplitudes):
         self.assertEqual(mesh.pinned_rectangles, PINS)
-        self.assertTrue(same_physical_boundary(old.child_boundary, new.child_boundary))
-        self.assertTrue(same_physical_boundary(new.child_boundary, mesh.boundary))
+        self.assertTrue(same_physical_boundary(old.boundaries[2], new.boundaries[2]))
+        self.assertTrue(same_physical_boundary(new.boundaries[2], mesh.boundary))
         # Compare physical cut-link rows, never layout-dependent blocked addresses.
         for run in (old, new):
-            boundary = run._boundaries[2]
+            boundary = run._device_boundaries[2]
             self.assertEqual(tuple(jet.amplitude for jet in boundary.jets), amplitudes)
             exact(self, boundary.tables['surface_velocity'], mesh.surface_velocity,
                   'latest physical per-link velocities')
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ class MultiplePinnedRemapGPU(unittest.TestCase):
             before, count = old.download(), old.step_count
             mesh = topology(old, START, objects)
             # Input order is irrelevant even with several pins and fluid regions.
-            new = owned.enter_context(old.remap_child(START[::-1], child_objects=objects))
+            new = owned.enter_context(old.remap_finest(START[::-1], objects=objects))
             self.assertIsNot(old, new)
             self.assertEqual((old.step_count, new.step_count), (count, count))
             self.check_boundary(old, new, mesh, amplitudes)
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ class MultiplePinnedRemapGPU(unittest.TestCase):
                     previous = current
                     self.change_amplitudes(previous, amplitudes)
                     before, count = previous.download(), previous.step_count
-                    old_mesh = topology(previous, previous.child_patch.bounds, objects)
+                    old_mesh = topology(previous, previous.hierarchy.pairs[1].bounds, objects)
                     new_mesh = topology(previous, rectangles, objects)
                     expected = remap_synchronized(
                         old_mesh, new_mesh, before, base_count=count,
@@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ class MultiplePinnedRemapGPU(unittest.TestCase):
                         phase='postcollision_g',
                     ).g
                     current = owned.enter_context(
-                        previous.remap_child(rectangles, child_objects=objects))
+                        previous.remap_finest(rectangles, objects=objects))
                     self.assertIsNot(previous, current)
                     self.assertEqual((previous.step_count, current.step_count), (count, count))
                     self.check_boundary(previous, current, new_mesh, amplitudes)

tests/validation/multigrid/test_pinned_body_remap_gpu.py

@@ -36,12 +36,12 @@ class PinnedBodyRemapGPU(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def check_boundary(self, before, after):
         for name in ('flags','boundary_cells','curved_hits'):
-            exact(self,getattr(after.child_boundary,name),getattr(before.child_boundary,name),name)
-        for a,b in zip(after.child_boundary.curved_host,before.child_boundary.curved_host):
+            exact(self,getattr(after.boundaries[2],name),getattr(before.boundaries[2],name),name)
+        for a,b in zip(after.boundaries[2].curved_host,before.boundaries[2].curved_host):
             exact(self,a,b,'physical cut links')
-        exact(self,after._boundaries[2].tables['surface_velocity'],
-              before._boundaries[2].tables['surface_velocity'],'current per-link velocities')
-        self.assertEqual(after._boundaries[2].jets[0].amplitude,.017)
+        exact(self,after._device_boundaries[2].tables['surface_velocity'],
+              before._device_boundaries[2].tables['surface_velocity'],'current per-link velocities')
+        self.assertEqual(after._device_boundaries[2].jets[0].amplitude,.017)
 
     def test_noop_next_step_bitwise(self):
         with CudaContext(0) as ctx, ExitStack() as owned:
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ class PinnedBodyRemapGPU(unittest.TestCase):
             old.initialize(*initial(old,False));old.step(2)
             old.set_jet_amplitude(0,.017,level=2)
             before=old.download()
-            new=owned.enter_context(old.remap_child(A,child_objects=objects))
+            new=owned.enter_context(old.remap_finest(A,objects=objects))
             self.check_boundary(old,new);self.check_reset(new,before)
             old.step();new.step()
             for a,b in zip(new.download(),old.download()): exact(self,a,b,'no-op next step bitwise')
@@ -63,14 +63,14 @@ class PinnedBodyRemapGPU(unittest.TestCase):
             current.set_jet_amplitude(0,.017,level=2)
             for rects in (B,A):
                 previous=current;before=previous.download();count=previous.step_count
-                jets=previous._boundaries[2].jets
-                old=RemapTopology.from_config(CFG,previous.patch,previous.child_patch.bounds,
+                jets=previous._device_boundaries[2].jets
+                old=RemapTopology.from_config(CFG,previous.hierarchy.pairs[0],previous.hierarchy.pairs[1].bounds,
                                              child_objects=objects,child_jets=jets)
-                new=RemapTopology.from_config(CFG,previous.patch,rects,
+                new=RemapTopology.from_config(CFG,previous.hierarchy.pairs[0],rects,
                                              child_objects=objects,child_jets=jets)
                 expected=remap_synchronized(old,new,before,base_count=count,
                             level_steps=(count,2*count,4*count),phase='postcollision_g').g
-                current=owned.enter_context(previous.remap_child(rects,child_objects=objects))
+                current=owned.enter_context(previous.remap_finest(rects,objects=objects))
                 self.check_boundary(previous,current);self.check_reset(current,expected)
                 for a,b,om,nm in zip(current.download(),before,old.leaf_masks,new.leaf_masks):
                     exact(self,a[:,om & nm],b[:,om & nm],'physical-fluid overlap')

tests/validation/multigrid/test_raw_exchange_gpu.py

@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ def census(run, index, buffer):
     layout, b = level.layout, level.boundary
     g = download(buffer, layout.blocked_shape)
     dense = layout.to_dense(g)
-    leaf = run._leaf[index]
+    leaf = run.leaf[index]
     ny, nx = leaf.shape
     solid = (b.host.flags.reshape(ny, nx) & SOLID) != 0
     y, x = np.nonzero(leaf)
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ class RawExchangeGPU(unittest.TestCase):
                     arrays = [state(l.shape) for l in measured._levels]
                     measured.initialize(*arrays)
                     plain.initialize(*arrays)
-                    b = measured._level_boundaries[1]
+                    b = measured._device_boundaries[1]
                     count = len(b.tables['cell'])
                     kernel = measured._levels[1].kernel
                     samples = []
@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ class RawExchangeGPU(unittest.TestCase):
                         measured._stream.synchronize()
                         after = measured._levels[1].layout.to_dense(
                             download(dst, measured._levels[1].layout.blocked_shape))
-                        change = totals(after, measured._leaf[1])-before
+                        change = totals(after, measured.leaf[1])-before
                         expected = external + np.array([-raw[:, 0].astype(float).sum(),
                                                         -raw[:, 1].astype(float).sum(),
                                                          raw[:, 3].astype(float).sum()])
@@ -127,8 +127,8 @@ class RawExchangeGPU(unittest.TestCase):
                         samples.append(raw.copy())
                     measured._levels[1].kernel = audited_step
                     for speed in (0., .002, -.001, 0.):
-                        measured.set_jet_amplitude(0, speed)
-                        plain.set_jet_amplitude(0, speed)
+                        measured.set_jet_amplitude(0, speed, level=1)
+                        plain.set_jet_amplitude(0, speed, level=1)
                         samples.clear()
                         measured.step()
                         plain.step()
@@ -139,11 +139,11 @@ class RawExchangeGPU(unittest.TestCase):
                         np.testing.assert_array_equal(integral, expected)
                         last = download(b.last_raw, (count, 4))
                         np.testing.assert_array_equal(last, samples[-1])
-                        obs = measured.read_raw_exchange(0)
+                        obs = measured.read_raw_exchange(0, level=1)
                         assert obs['sample_count'] == 2
                         assert b.tables['aperture'].any()
                         measured.step(0)
-                        np.testing.assert_array_equal(measured.read_raw_exchange(0)['total']['impulse'],
+                        np.testing.assert_array_equal(measured.read_raw_exchange(0, level=1)['total']['impulse'],
                                                       obs['total']['impulse'])
 
     def test_depth_four_interval_storage_and_sampling(self):
@@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ class RawExchangeGPU(unittest.TestCase):
                  FixedPatchStepper(cfg, context=ctx, **settings) as plain:
                 arrays = [state(l.shape, ux=0.) for l in run._levels]
                 run.initialize(*arrays); plain.initialize(*arrays)
-                b = run._level_boundaries[3]
+                b = run._device_boundaries[3]
                 count = len(b.tables['cell'])
                 kernel = run._levels[3].kernel
                 samples, independent_samples = [], []
@@ -171,7 +171,7 @@ class RawExchangeGPU(unittest.TestCase):
                     run._stream.synchronize()
                     after = run._levels[3].layout.to_dense(
                         download(dst, run._levels[3].layout.blocked_shape))
-                    change = totals(after, run._leaf[3])-before
+                    change = totals(after, run.leaf[3])-before
                     expected = external + np.array([-independent[:, 0].sum(),
                                                     -independent[:, 1].sum(), independent[:, 3].sum()])
                     np.testing.assert_allclose(change, expected, rtol=2e-4, atol=8e-5)
@@ -213,7 +213,7 @@ class RawExchangeGPU(unittest.TestCase):
                  FixedPatchStepper(CFG, context=ctx, **fine((16, 20)), observe_raw_exchange=True) as amr:
                 amr.initialize(*(state(l.shape) for l in amr._levels))
                 uniform.initialize(state((9, 48, 64)))
-                b = amr._level_boundaries[1]
+                b = amr._device_boundaries[1]
                 count = len(b.tables['cell'])
                 links = obj.geometry.build_cut_links(64, 48)
                 np.testing.assert_array_equal([v.dir for v in links], b.tables['dir'])
@@ -221,7 +221,7 @@ class RawExchangeGPU(unittest.TestCase):
                 # Same fine-grid force arms after translation to the same center: the
                 # single level's static BFL gets the AMR Jet column and force arms; the raw
                 # output pointer is substituted at launch (no stepper-side accumulation).
-                root = uniform._level_boundaries[0]
+                root = uniform._device_boundaries[0]
                 velocity = uniform._upload(b.tables['surface_velocity'])
                 root.device.update(surface_velocity=velocity, rx=uniform._upload(b.tables['rx']),
                                    ry=uniform._upload(b.tables['ry']))
@@ -234,7 +234,7 @@ class RawExchangeGPU(unittest.TestCase):
                     samples.append(download(raw, (count, 4)))
                 root.kernel = measured_boundary
                 for speed in (0., .002, -.001, 0.):
-                    amr.set_jet_amplitude(0, speed)
+                    amr.set_jet_amplitude(0, speed, level=1)
                     cuda.memcpy_htod(velocity, b.tables['surface_velocity'])
                     samples.clear()
                     amr.step(); uniform.step(2)

tests/validation/multigrid/test_refinement_blocked_base.py

@@ -24,7 +24,8 @@ from CelerisLab.lbm import refinement_stepper
 from CelerisLab.lbm.blocks import BlockLayout2D
 from CelerisLab.lbm.descriptors import D2Q9_EX, D2Q9_EY
 from CelerisLab.lbm.refinement import ACTIVE, OUTER_GHOST, FixedPatch2D
-from CelerisLab.lbm.refinement_stepper import FixedPatchStepper, blocked_base_tables
+from CelerisLab.lbm.refinement_stepper import FixedPatchStepper
+from CelerisLab.lbm.refinement_tables import blocked_coarse_tables
 from test_refinement_blocked_fine import NX, NY, BOUNDS, config, state, circle, actuation
 
 BASE_BLOCKS = ((24, 32), (12, 8), (3, 4), (1, 1))
@@ -108,7 +109,7 @@ class BlockedBaseCPU(unittest.TestCase):
                 leaves[[0, -1]] = False
             for by, bx in BASE_BLOCKS:
                 layout = BlockLayout2D.build(NY, NX, by, bx, periodic=(True, mode == "periodic"))
-                donors, targets, kind = blocked_base_tables(p, layout, order, mode != "periodic")
+                donors, targets, kind = blocked_coarse_tables(p, layout, order, mode != "periodic")
                 ly, lx = layout.local_shape
                 L = ly * lx
                 expected, source_cells = [], []
@@ -138,7 +139,7 @@ class BlockedBaseCPU(unittest.TestCase):
         p = FixedPatch2D.from_config(config("periodic"), BOUNDS)
         order = np.argsort(p.coalesce_coarse)
         layout = BlockLayout2D.build(NY, NX, 3, 4)
-        donors, targets, _ = blocked_base_tables(p, layout, order)
+        donors, targets, _ = blocked_coarse_tables(p, layout, order)
         dense = np.arange(9 * NY * NX, dtype=np.float32).reshape(9, NY, NX)
         initial = layout.to_blocked(dense)
         arrivals = np.arange(len(targets), dtype=np.float32) + 10000
@@ -178,7 +179,7 @@ class BlockedBaseCPU(unittest.TestCase):
         # With one parent block, all eight grazing sources are owner cores.
         # Each is read for four fine ghost children: late explosion corrupts32.
         single = BlockLayout2D.build(NY, NX, NY, NX)
-        donors, targets, _ = blocked_base_tables(p, single, order)
+        donors, targets, _ = blocked_coarse_tables(p, single, order)
         initial = single.to_blocked(dense)
         staged = initial.copy()
         staged.ravel()[targets.astype(np.intp)] = arrivals
@@ -204,7 +205,7 @@ class BlockedBaseCPU(unittest.TestCase):
                                         level_blocks=[(3, 4), FINE_BLOCK],
                                         level_objects=[(), (circle(actuation(.002)),)])
             try:
-                backend.initialize(state(NY, NX, 1), state(*backend.patch.fine_shape, 2))
+                backend.initialize(state(NY, NX, 1), state(*backend.hierarchy.pairs[0].fine_shape, 2))
                 coarse, fine = backend._levels
                 current, spare, fine_current = coarse.current, coarse.spare, fine.current
                 backend.step(2)
@@ -255,7 +256,7 @@ class BlockedBaseCPU(unittest.TestCase):
         with mocked_backend() as m:
             backend = FixedPatchStepper(config("periodic"), context=m["context"], refinements=[BOUNDS],
                                         level_blocks=[(3, 4), FINE_BLOCK])
-            backend.initialize(state(NY, NX, 1), state(*backend.patch.fine_shape, 2))
+            backend.initialize(state(NY, NX, 1), state(*backend.hierarchy.pairs[0].fine_shape, 2))
             m["functions"]["BlockCoalesce"].side_effect = RuntimeError("injected parent stage failure")
             current = backend._levels[0].current
             with self.assertRaisesRegex(RuntimeError, "injected parent stage"):

tests/validation/multigrid/test_refinement_blocked_fine.py

@@ -21,7 +21,8 @@ from CelerisLab.lbm.descriptors import D2Q9_EX, D2Q9_EY
 from CelerisLab.lbm.descriptors import SOLID
 from CelerisLab.lbm.refinement import (ACTIVE, INNER_GHOST, OUTER_GHOST, FixedPatch2D,
                                        prepare_fine_boundary)
-from CelerisLab.lbm.refinement_stepper import FixedPatchStepper, blocked_fine_tables
+from CelerisLab.lbm.refinement_stepper import FixedPatchStepper
+from CelerisLab.lbm.refinement_tables import blocked_fine_tables
 
 NX, NY, BOUNDS, STEPS = 32, 24, (8, 6, 24, 18), 8
 FINE_BLOCKS = ((32, 40), (16, 20), (16, 10))  # fine window 32x40: 1x1, 2x2, 4x2
@@ -125,7 +126,7 @@ class BlockedFineCPU(unittest.TestCase):
                 patch.object(cuda, "mem_alloc", side_effect=alloc), patch.object(cuda, "memcpy_htod"):
             backend = FixedPatchStepper(config("periodic"), context=context, refinements=[BOUNDS],
                                         level_blocks=[(12, 8), FINE_BLOCKS[0]])
-            self.assertEqual(len(backend.fine_layout.halo_dst), 0)
+            self.assertEqual(len(backend.layouts[1].halo_dst), 0)
             self.assertIsNone(backend._levels[1].halo_dst)
             backend._gather_halo(backend._levels[1], Mock())  # no launch without pairs
             module.get_function.return_value.assert_not_called()
@@ -178,7 +179,7 @@ class BlockedFineCPU(unittest.TestCase):
             backend = FixedPatchStepper(config("periodic"), context=context, refinements=[BOUNDS],
                                         level_blocks=[(12, 8), FINE_BLOCKS[1]],
                                         level_objects=[(), tuple(objects)])
-            backend.initialize(state(NY, NX, 1), state(*backend.patch.fine_shape, 2))
+            backend.initialize(state(NY, NX, 1), state(*backend.hierarchy.pairs[0].fine_shape, 2))
         return backend, calls
 
     def test_same_buffer_halo_bfl_step_launch_order(self):
@@ -186,8 +187,8 @@ class BlockedFineCPU(unittest.TestCase):
             backend, calls = self.mocked_backend([circle(spec)])
             c, f = backend._levels
             coarse, cur, spare = c.current, f.current, f.spare
-            flags, kind = backend._level_boundaries[1].flags, backend._levels[1].kind
-            velocity = backend._level_boundaries[1].device.get("surface_velocity")
+            flags, kind = backend._device_boundaries[1].flags, backend._levels[1].kind
+            velocity = backend._device_boundaries[1].device.get("surface_velocity")
             self.assertEqual(velocity is None, spec is None)
             backend.step(1)
             backend.close()
@@ -212,8 +213,8 @@ class BlockedFineCPU(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_actuation_without_velocity_buffer_fails_before_bfl(self):
         for speed in (0.0, .002):  # any spec, even zero amplitude
             backend, calls = self.mocked_backend([circle(actuation(speed))])
-            self.assertIsNotNone(backend._fine_tables["surface_velocity"])
-            del backend._level_boundaries[1].device["surface_velocity"]
+            self.assertIsNotNone(backend._device_boundaries[1].tables["surface_velocity"])
+            del backend._device_boundaries[1].device["surface_velocity"]
             with self.assertRaisesRegex(RuntimeError, "Surface velocity device buffer is missing"):
                 backend.step(1)
             names = [name for name, _ in calls]

tests/validation/multigrid/test_refinement_followup.py

@@ -304,7 +304,7 @@ class NormalBuildGPU(unittest.TestCase):
                             if not (x0 <= sx < x1 and y0 <= sy < y1):
                                 corners.add(target)
                 self.assertEqual(len(corners), 8)
-                self.assertEqual(set(backend.patch.coalesce_coarse.tolist()), targets)
+                self.assertEqual(set(backend.hierarchy.pairs[0].coalesce_coarse.tolist()), targets)
                 backend.initialize(*initial)
                 before = discrete_mass(initial)
                 for step in range(1, 9):
@@ -383,8 +383,8 @@ class NormalBuildGPU(unittest.TestCase):
         expected = scalar_interval(*[a.astype(np.float64) for a in initial], bounds)
         with CudaContext(0) as context, FixedPatchStepper(cfg, context=context, refinements=[bounds],
                                                              level_blocks=[(13, 17), (14, 16)]) as backend:
-            self.assertEqual(backend.patch.fine_shape, (14, 16))
-            p = backend.patch
+            self.assertEqual(backend.hierarchy.pairs[0].fine_shape, (14, 16))
+            p = backend.hierarchy.pairs[0]
             allocated = 2 * 4 * sum(int(np.prod(level.layout.blocked_shape)) for level in backend._levels) \
                 + sum(a.nbytes for a in (p.ghost_fine, p.ghost_coarse, p.coalesce_coarse, p.coalesce_fine))
             self.assertLess(allocated, 128*1024)

tests/validation/multigrid/test_refinement_gpu.py

@@ -91,8 +91,8 @@ class CoupledGPU(unittest.TestCase):
                                     ddf_shifting=shifted)
                     with FixedPatchStepper(cfg, context=context, refinements=[(4, 4, 12, 12)],
                                            **storage) as backend:
-                        self.assertAlmostEqual(backend.patch.tau_coarse, spec.tau_coarse)
-                        self.assertAlmostEqual(backend.patch.tau_fine, spec.tau_fine)
+                        self.assertAlmostEqual(backend.hierarchy.pairs[0].tau_coarse, spec.tau_coarse)
+                        self.assertAlmostEqual(backend.hierarchy.pairs[0].tau_fine, spec.tau_fine)
                         self.assertEqual(tuple(level.shape for level in backend._levels),
                                          ((9, 16, 16), (9, 24, 24)))
                         # Physical FP64 g is encoded by initialize before FP32 rounding.
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ class CoupledGPU(unittest.TestCase):
                         backend.step(1)
                         actual = backend.download()
                         self.assertEqual(backend.step_count, 1)
-                        backend.patch.check_synchronization(
+                        backend.hierarchy.pairs[0].check_synchronization(
                             1, next_state.tick, phase="postcollision_g")
                         for got, want, arrival in zip(actual, expected, arrivals):
                             np.testing.assert_array_equal(np.isnan(got), np.isnan(want))
@@ -165,13 +165,13 @@ class CoupledGPU(unittest.TestCase):
                     with self.assertRaisesRegex(RuntimeError, "failed"):
                         operation()
                 raw = level_storage(fine)
-                self.assertTrue(np.isfinite(raw.ravel()[backend.patch.coalesce_fine]).all())
+                self.assertTrue(np.isfinite(raw.ravel()[backend.hierarchy.pairs[0].coalesce_fine]).all())
             self.assertFalse(context.is_closed)
         print("partial failure: two fine hops completed, no coarse step published; cleanup PASS", flush=True)
 
     def eight_steps(self, backend, spec, maps):
         """Rest and seeded nonequilibrium, 8 steps against the scalar reference."""
-        p = backend.patch
+        p = backend.hierarchy.pairs[0]
         for case in ("rest", "nonequilibrium_seed1"):
             with self.subTest(case=case):
                 state = ref.make_state(spec, velocity=(0, 0) if case == "rest" else (.03, -.02))

tests/validation/multigrid/test_refinement_jets.py

@@ -62,8 +62,8 @@ class JetStepperCPU(unittest.TestCase):
         C = (16.0, 12.0)
         whole = Jet(Sector(C, .1, math.pi, 3.), Radial(C, inward=False), amplitude=0.)
         backend, _ = mocked([circle()], [whole], FINE_BLOCKS[1])
-        _, jet_id = backend._jet_cache
-        self.assertGreater(len(np.unique(backend._fine_tables["block"][jet_id == 0])), 1)
+        _, jet_id = backend._device_boundaries[1].jet_cache
+        self.assertGreater(len(np.unique(backend._device_boundaries[1].tables["block"][jet_id == 0])), 1)
         backend.close()
 
     def test_fine_ownership_uses_remapped_physical_owner(self):
@@ -76,10 +76,10 @@ class JetStepperCPU(unittest.TestCase):
         source = SimObject(99, geometry=CircleGeometry(*C, 2.15), center=C, radius=2.15)
         whole = Jet(Sector(C, .1, math.pi, 3.), Radial(C, inward=False), amplitude=0.)
         backend, _ = mocked([source], [whole], FINE_BLOCKS[1])
-        _, jet_id = backend._jet_cache
-        owners = backend.fine_boundary.curved_host[3][jet_id == 0]
+        _, jet_id = backend._device_boundaries[1].jet_cache
+        owners = backend.boundaries[1].curved_host[3][jet_id == 0]
         self.assertEqual(np.unique(owners).tolist(), [0])
-        self.assertGreater(len(np.unique(backend._fine_tables["block"][jet_id == 0])), 1)
+        self.assertGreater(len(np.unique(backend._device_boundaries[1].tables["block"][jet_id == 0])), 1)
         self.assertEqual(source.obj_id, 99)
         backend.close()
         cfg = config("periodic")
@@ -97,8 +97,8 @@ class JetStepperCPU(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_blocked_jet_velocity_matches_legacy_rows(self):
         legacy, _ = mocked([circle(actuation(SPEED))], (), FINE_BLOCKS[1])
         driven, _ = mocked([circle()], [jet()], FINE_BLOCKS[1])
-        a = legacy._fine_tables["surface_velocity"]
-        b = driven._fine_tables["surface_velocity"]
+        a = legacy._device_boundaries[1].tables["surface_velocity"]
+        b = driven._device_boundaries[1].tables["surface_velocity"]
         diff = np.abs(a - b).max()
         print(f"fine jet vs legacy velocity rows: max |dU| = {diff:.3e} (exact={diff == 0})")
         self.assertLessEqual(diff, 4 * np.finfo(np.float32).eps * SPEED)
@@ -106,20 +106,20 @@ class JetStepperCPU(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def test_blocked_amplitude_update_rewrites_only_velocity_column(self):
         backend, htod = mocked([circle()], [jet()], FINE_BLOCKS[1])
-        before = backend._fine_tables["surface_velocity"].copy()
-        device = backend._level_boundaries[1].device["surface_velocity"]
+        before = backend._device_boundaries[1].tables["surface_velocity"].copy()
+        device = backend._device_boundaries[1].device["surface_velocity"]
         with patch.object(cuda, "memcpy_htod", htod):
             htod.reset_mock()
-            backend.set_jet_amplitude(0, -SPEED)
+            backend.set_jet_amplitude(0, -SPEED, level=1)
             (ptr, sent), _ = htod.call_args
             self.assertEqual(htod.call_count, 1)
             self.assertIs(ptr, device)
             np.testing.assert_allclose(sent, -before, rtol=1e-6, atol=0)
-            np.testing.assert_array_equal(backend._fine_tables["surface_velocity"], sent)
+            np.testing.assert_array_equal(backend._device_boundaries[1].tables["surface_velocity"], sent)
             with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
-                backend.set_jet_amplitude(0, 1.5)
+                backend.set_jet_amplitude(0, 1.5, level=1)
             self.assertEqual(htod.call_count, 1)
-        self.assertEqual(backend._jets[0].amplitude, -SPEED)
+        self.assertEqual(backend.jets[1][0].amplitude, -SPEED)
         backend.close()
 
     def test_copy_failure_marks_failed_and_keeps_host_amplitude(self):
@@ -128,24 +128,24 @@ class JetStepperCPU(unittest.TestCase):
             status = backend._status
             for bad, error in ((1.5, ValueError), (float("nan"), ValueError)):
                 with self.assertRaises(error):
-                    backend.set_jet_amplitude(0, bad)
+                    backend.set_jet_amplitude(0, bad, level=1)
                 self.assertEqual(backend._status, status)  # invalid input stays usable
             with self.assertRaises(IndexError):
-                backend.set_jet_amplitude(1, -SPEED)
+                backend.set_jet_amplitude(1, -SPEED, level=1)
             self.assertEqual(backend._status, status)
-            before = backend._fine_tables["surface_velocity"].copy()
+            before = backend._device_boundaries[1].tables["surface_velocity"].copy()
             boom = Mock(side_effect=RuntimeError("copy failed"))
             with patch.object(cuda, "memcpy_htod", boom), patch.object(cuda, "memcpy_htod_async", boom), \
                     patch.object(cuda, "pagelocked_empty", side_effect=lambda shape, dtype: np.empty(shape, dtype)):
                 with self.assertRaisesRegex(RuntimeError, "copy failed"):
-                    backend.set_jet_amplitude(0, -SPEED)
+                    backend.set_jet_amplitude(0, -SPEED, level=1)
             self.assertEqual(backend._status, "failed", fine_block)
-            self.assertEqual(backend._jets[0].amplitude, SPEED)
-            np.testing.assert_array_equal(backend._fine_tables["surface_velocity"], before)
+            self.assertEqual(backend.jets[1][0].amplitude, SPEED)
+            np.testing.assert_array_equal(backend._device_boundaries[1].tables["surface_velocity"], before)
             with self.assertRaisesRegex(RuntimeError, "failed"):
                 backend.step(1)
             with self.assertRaisesRegex(RuntimeError, "failed"):
-                backend.set_jet_amplitude(0, -SPEED)
+                backend.set_jet_amplitude(0, -SPEED, level=1)
             backend.close()
 
     def test_jet_overlapping_legacy_aperture_rejected_before_cuda(self):
@@ -170,7 +170,7 @@ def run(mode, fine_block, *, objects, jets, switch=None):
             backend.step(STEPS)
         else:
             backend.step(STEPS // 2)
-            backend.set_jet_amplitude(0, switch)
+            backend.set_jet_amplitude(0, switch, level=1)
             backend.step(STEPS - STEPS // 2)
         return backend.download(), raw(backend)
 

tests/validation/multigrid/test_refinement_multipatch.py

@@ -36,14 +36,14 @@ def level_fine(patch_set, windows):
     """Level-wide fine array with each patch window filled from `windows`."""
     out = np.full((9, *patch_set.fine_shape), np.nan, np.float32)
     for p, w in zip(patch_set.patches, windows):
-        y0, x0 = p.fine_level_origin
+        y0, x0 = p.fine_level_offset
         out[:, y0:y0 + p.fine_shape[0], x0:x0 + p.fine_shape[1]] = w
     return out
 
 
 def window(patch_set, index, fine):
     p = patch_set.patches[index]
-    y0, x0 = p.fine_level_origin
+    y0, x0 = p.fine_level_offset
     return fine[:, y0:y0 + p.fine_shape[0], x0:x0 + p.fine_shape[1]]
 
 
@@ -175,7 +175,7 @@ class MultipatchBodiesGPU(unittest.TestCase):
             for step in self.STEPS:
                 if switch is not None and step == 8:
                     for index, amplitude in switch:
-                        backend.set_jet_amplitude(index, amplitude)
+                        backend.set_jet_amplitude(index, amplitude, level=1)
                 backend.step(step - backend.step_count)
                 out.append(backend.download() + raw(backend))
         return out

tests/validation/multigrid/test_refinement_three_level.py

@@ -128,8 +128,10 @@ class ThreeLevelCPU(unittest.TestCase):
         run = mocked_child()
         b = run._levels[2].boundary
         before = b.tables["surface_velocity"].copy()
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            run.set_jet_amplitude(0, -.002)  # level is required
         with self.assertRaises(IndexError):
-            run.set_jet_amplitude(0, -.002)  # default stays L1
+            run.set_jet_amplitude(0, -.002, level=1)  # level 1 has no Jets
         for level in (0, 3, True):
             with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
                 run.set_jet_amplitude(0, -.002, level=level)
@@ -138,7 +140,7 @@ class ThreeLevelCPU(unittest.TestCase):
             self.assertEqual(upload.call_count, 1)
             self.assertIs(upload.call_args.args[0], b.device["surface_velocity"])
         np.testing.assert_array_equal(b.tables["surface_velocity"], -before)
-        self.assertEqual(run._jets, ())
+        self.assertEqual(run.jets[1], ())
         with patch.object(cuda, "memcpy_htod", side_effect=RuntimeError("copy failed")):
             with self.assertRaisesRegex(RuntimeError, "copy failed"):
                 run.set_jet_amplitude(0, .002, level=2)
@@ -150,17 +152,17 @@ class ThreeLevelCPU(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_child_public_masks_include_solids(self):
         from CelerisLab.lbm.descriptors import SOLID
         run = mocked_child()
-        solid = run.child_boundary.flags.reshape(run.child_patch.fine_shape) & SOLID != 0
+        solid = run.boundaries[2].flags.reshape(run.hierarchy.pairs[1].fine_shape) & SOLID != 0
         self.assertTrue(solid.any())
-        self.assertFalse(run._child_leaf[solid].any())
+        self.assertFalse(run.leaf[2][solid].any())
         arrays = [np.ones(level.shape, np.float32) for level in run._levels]
         run._mask_nonleaves(*arrays)
         self.assertTrue(np.isnan(arrays[2][:, solid]).all())
         with patch.object(cuda, "memcpy_htod") as upload:
             run.initialize(*arrays)
         sent = upload.call_args_list[-1].args[1]
-        dense = run.child_layout.to_dense(sent)
-        self.assertTrue(np.isnan(dense[:, ~run._child_leaf]).all())
+        dense = run.layouts[2].to_dense(sent)
+        self.assertTrue(np.isnan(dense[:, ~run.leaf[2]]).all())
         run.close()
 
 
@@ -169,7 +171,7 @@ class ThreeLevelGPU(unittest.TestCase):
         from CelerisLab.cuda.context import CudaContext
         feq = np.asarray(compute_feq_d2q9(1.0, .03, -.02), np.float32)[:, None, None]
         with CudaContext(0) as ctx, FixedPatchStepper(CFG, context=ctx, **KW) as run:
-            shapes = ((16, 16), run.patch.fine_shape, run.child_patch.fine_shape)
+            shapes = ((16, 16), run.hierarchy.pairs[0].fine_shape, run.hierarchy.pairs[1].fine_shape)
             run.initialize(*(np.broadcast_to(feq, (9, *s)).copy() for s in shapes))
             run.step(8)
             self.assertEqual(run.step_count, 8)
@@ -182,7 +184,7 @@ class ThreeLevelGPU(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_nonequilibrium_masks_and_fresh_middle_feeds(self):
         from CelerisLab.cuda.context import CudaContext
         with CudaContext(0) as ctx, FixedPatchStepper(CFG, context=ctx, **KW) as run:
-            p1, p2 = run.patch, run.child_patch
+            p1, p2 = run.hierarchy.pairs[0], run.hierarchy.pairs[1]
             run.initialize(state(16, 16, 1), state(*p1.fine_shape, 2), state(*p2.fine_shape, 3))
             f = run._levels[1]
             feeds, original = [], run._advance
@@ -195,7 +197,7 @@ class ThreeLevelGPU(unittest.TestCase):
                 run.step(1)
             self.assertEqual(feeds, [cur, spare])  # current G, then the new G of hop 1
             run.step(7)
-            middle = run._middle_kind
+            middle = run.hierarchy.kinds[1]
             for g, leaf in zip(run.download(), (~p1.covered, middle == ACTIVE, p2.fine_kind == ACTIVE)):
                 self.assertTrue(np.isfinite(g[:, leaf]).all())
                 self.assertTrue(np.isnan(g[:, ~leaf]).all())
@@ -227,15 +229,15 @@ class ThreeLevelBodyGPU(unittest.TestCase):
                 if stop == 4 and switch:
                     run.set_jet_amplitude(0, -.002, level=2)
                 public, stored = run.download(), raw(run)
-                leaves = [~run.patch.covered, run._fine_leaf, run._child_leaf]
+                leaves = [~run.hierarchy.pairs[0].covered, run.leaf[1], run.leaf[2]]
                 if mode != "periodic":
                     leaves[0][[0, -1]] = False
                 for g, mask in zip(public, leaves):
                     self.assertTrue(np.isfinite(g[:, mask]).all())
                     self.assertTrue(np.isnan(g[:, ~mask]).all())
-                invalid = [run.patch.covered.copy(), run._middle_kind == OUTER_GHOST,
-                           (run.child_patch.fine_kind == OUTER_GHOST) |
-                           ((run.child_boundary.flags.reshape(run.child_patch.fine_shape) & SOLID) != 0)]
+                invalid = [run.hierarchy.pairs[0].covered.copy(), run.hierarchy.kinds[1] == OUTER_GHOST,
+                           (run.hierarchy.pairs[1].fine_kind == OUTER_GHOST) |
+                           ((run.boundaries[2].flags.reshape(run.hierarchy.pairs[1].fine_shape) & SOLID) != 0)]
                 if mode != "periodic":
                     invalid[0][[0, -1]] = True
                 for g, mask in zip(stored, invalid):

tests/validation/multigrid/test_refinement_three_level_multipatch_gpu.py

@@ -54,9 +54,9 @@ def jets(speed):
 
 
 def frames(run):
-    middle_origin = np.asarray(run.patch.fine_origin)
+    middle_origin = np.asarray(run.hierarchy.pairs[0].fine_origin)
     return ((np.zeros(2), 1.), (middle_origin, .5),
-            (middle_origin + .5*np.asarray(run.child_patch.fine_origin), .25))
+            (middle_origin + .5*np.asarray(run.hierarchy.pairs[1].fine_origin), .25))
 
 
 def physical_state(shape, origin, spacing):
@@ -92,15 +92,15 @@ class ThreeLevelMultipatchGPU(unittest.TestCase):
                     for index in range(len(drive)):
                         run.set_jet_amplitude(index, -.002, level=2)
                 public, stored = run.download(), raw(run)
-                masks = [~run.patch.covered, run._fine_leaf, run._child_leaf]
+                masks = [~run.hierarchy.pairs[0].covered, run.leaf[1], run.leaf[2]]
                 if mode != 'periodic':
                     masks[0][[0, -1]] = False
-                invalid = [run.patch.covered.copy(), run._middle_kind == OUTER_GHOST,
-                           run.child_patch.fine_kind == OUTER_GHOST]
+                invalid = [run.hierarchy.pairs[0].covered.copy(), run.hierarchy.kinds[1] == OUTER_GHOST,
+                           run.hierarchy.pairs[1].fine_kind == OUTER_GHOST]
                 if mode != 'periodic':
                     invalid[0][[0, -1]] = True
-                if run.child_boundary is not None:
-                    invalid[2] |= (run.child_boundary.flags.reshape(run.child_patch.fine_shape) & SOLID) != 0
+                if run.boundaries[2] is not None:
+                    invalid[2] |= (run.boundaries[2].flags.reshape(run.hierarchy.pairs[1].fine_shape) & SOLID) != 0
                 for level, (g, mask, dense, bad) in enumerate(zip(public, masks, stored, invalid)):
                     label = f'{mode} stop={stop} level={level}'
                     self.assertTrue(np.isfinite(g[:, mask]).all(), label)

tests/validation/multigrid/test_runtime_child_remap_gpu.py

@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ def initial(run, uniform):
 
 class RuntimeChildRemapGPU(unittest.TestCase):
     def check_public(self, run):
-        for array, leaf in zip(run.download(), (~run.patch.covered, run._fine_leaf, run._child_leaf)):
+        for array, leaf in zip(run.download(), (~run.hierarchy.pairs[0].covered, run.leaf[1], run.leaf[2])):
             self.assertTrue(np.isfinite(array[:, leaf]).all())
             self.assertTrue(np.isnan(array[:, ~leaf]).all())
 
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ class RuntimeChildRemapGPU(unittest.TestCase):
             old.initialize(*initial(old, False))
             old.step(2)
             before = old.download()
-            new = owned.enter_context(old.remap_child(A))
+            new = owned.enter_context(old.remap_finest(A))
             self.assertEqual((old.step_count, new.step_count), (2, 2))
             self.check_reset(new, before)
             for got, want in zip(old.download(), before): exact(self, got, want, 'old unchanged')
@@ -75,12 +75,12 @@ class RuntimeChildRemapGPU(unittest.TestCase):
                 current.step(2)
                 for rectangles in (B, A):
                     before, count = current.download(), current.step_count
-                    old_mesh = RemapTopology.from_config(CFG, current.patch, current.child_patch.bounds)
-                    new_mesh = RemapTopology.from_config(CFG, current.patch, rectangles)
+                    old_mesh = RemapTopology.from_config(CFG, current.hierarchy.pairs[0], current.hierarchy.pairs[1].bounds)
+                    new_mesh = RemapTopology.from_config(CFG, current.hierarchy.pairs[0], rectangles)
                     expected = remap_synchronized(old_mesh, new_mesh, before, base_count=count,
                         level_steps=(count, 2*count, 4*count), phase='postcollision_g').g
                     previous = current
-                    current = owned.enter_context(previous.remap_child(rectangles))
+                    current = owned.enter_context(previous.remap_finest(rectangles))
                     self.assertEqual(current.step_count, count)
                     self.check_reset(current, expected)
                     for got, want, old_g, old_leaf, new_leaf in zip(

tests/validation/multigrid/test_shear_refinement_example_gpu.py

@@ -8,14 +8,17 @@ from contextlib import ExitStack
 import unittest
 import numpy as np
 from CelerisLab.cuda.context import CudaContext
-from research.shear_refinement.example import (CHILDREN, make, initialize, observe,
-                                                topology, objects)
+from CelerisLab.lbm.refinement_stepper import FixedPatchStepper
+from research.shear_refinement.example import (CFG, PARENTS, CHILDREN, initialize,
+                                                observe, topology, objects)
 
 
 class ShearRefinementGPU(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_measured_growth_matches_explicit_manual_continuation(self):
         with CudaContext(0) as ctx, ExitStack() as owned:
-            old = owned.enter_context(make(ctx))
+            old = owned.enter_context(FixedPatchStepper(
+                CFG, context=ctx, refinements=[PARENTS, CHILDREN],
+                level_blocks=[(4, 4)] * 3, level_objects=[(), (), objects()]))
             initialize(old)
             old.step(2)
             before = old.download()
@@ -25,10 +28,10 @@ class ShearRefinementGPU(unittest.TestCase):
             self.assertGreater(report['requested'], 0)
             self.assertEqual(report['corridor_unknown'], 0)
             self.assertEqual(report['corridor_unavailable'], 0)
-            auto = owned.enter_context(old.remap_child(chosen, child_objects=objects()))
-            explicit = owned.enter_context(old.remap_child(manual, child_objects=objects()))
+            auto = owned.enter_context(old.remap_finest(chosen, objects=objects()))
+            explicit = owned.enter_context(old.remap_finest(manual, objects=objects()))
             for run in (auto, explicit):
-                self.assertEqual(run.child_patch.bounds[0], CHILDREN[0])
+                self.assertEqual(run.hierarchy.pairs[1].bounds[0], CHILDREN[0])
                 self.assertEqual(run.step_count, 2)
                 run.step(2)
             for a, b, leaf in zip(auto.download(), explicit.download(), topology(manual).leaf_masks):

tests/validation/multigrid/test_shifted_jets_gpu.py

@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ def census(run,index,buffer):
     """Independent physical link/face census of actual staged receiver windows."""
     level=run._levels[index];layout=level.layout;b=level.boundary
     stored=download(buffer,layout.blocked_shape);dense=layout.to_dense(stored)
-    leaf=run._leaf[index];ny,nx=leaf.shape
+    leaf=run.leaf[index];ny,nx=leaf.shape
     solid=(b.host.flags.reshape(ny,nx)&SOLID)!=0
     y,x=np.nonzero(leaf);owner=layout.owner[y,x].astype(np.intp)
     cells=int(np.prod(layout.local_shape));block,cell=np.divmod(owner,cells)
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ class Ledger:
             self.max_row=max(self.max_row,float(abs(raw.astype(float)-independent).max()))
             self.original(src,dst,*args,**kwargs);run._stream.synchronize()
             after=level.layout.to_dense(download(dst,level.layout.blocked_shape))
-            change=raw_totals(after,run._leaf[index])-before
+            change=raw_totals(after,run.leaf[index])-before
             expected=external+np.array([-independent[:,0].sum(),-independent[:,1].sum(),independent[:,3].sum()])
             np.testing.assert_allclose(change,expected,rtol=2e-4,atol=8e-5)
             self.max_balance=max(self.max_balance,float(abs(change-expected).max()))
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ class Ledger:
 
     def step(self):
         run=self.run;self.samples.clear();run.step()
-        b=run._level_boundaries[self.index];h=run._exchange_spacing[self.index]
+        b=run._device_boundaries[self.index];h=run._exchange_spacing[self.index]
         self.test.assertEqual(len(self.samples),2**self.index)
         expected=np.zeros_like(self.samples[0],dtype=np.float64)
         weights=np.array([h*h,h*h,h*h*h,h*h])
@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ class Ledger:
         for name in ('impulse','angular_impulse','mass_into_fluid'):
             np.testing.assert_allclose(obs['total'][name],np.asarray(obs['wall'][name])+obs['aperture'][name],rtol=0,atol=2e-13)
         self.test.assertEqual(obs['sample_count'],2**self.index)
-        for a,leaf in zip(run._download_raw().values,run._leaf):
+        for a,leaf in zip(run._download_raw().values,run.leaf):
             self.test.assertTrue(np.isfinite(a[:,leaf]).all())
             self.test.assertTrue((1+a[:,leaf].sum(axis=0,dtype=np.float64)>0).all())
         return obs
@@ -140,10 +140,10 @@ class ShiftedJetsGPU(unittest.TestCase):
                         level_objects=[(),(obj,)],level_jets=[(),(whole,)],observe_raw_exchange=True) as run:
                     run._initialize_raw(initial(run,rho,u=.013,v=0.))
                     expected=run._download_raw();ledger=Ledger(self,run,1)
-                    self.assertTrue(run._level_boundaries[1].tables['aperture'].all())
+                    self.assertTrue(run._device_boundaries[1].tables['aperture'].all())
                     for _ in range(4):ledger.step()
                     error=max(float(abs(a[:,leaf]-b[:,leaf]).max()) for a,b,leaf in
-                              zip(run._download_raw().values,expected.values,run._leaf))
+                              zip(run._download_raw().values,expected.values,run.leaf))
                     self.assertLessEqual(error,1e-6)  # inherited uniform-state cap
                     print(f'matched whole-circle rho={rho}: max_abs_raw_state={error:.9g}',flush=True)
                     ledger.report(f'matched whole-circle rho={rho}')
@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ class ShiftedJetsGPU(unittest.TestCase):
                 ledger=Ledger(self,measured,1)
                 for speed in SPEEDS:
                     before=measured._download_raw();count=measured.step_count
-                    measured.set_jet_amplitude(0,speed);plain.set_jet_amplitude(0,speed)
+                    measured.set_jet_amplitude(0,speed, level=1);plain.set_jet_amplitude(0,speed, level=1)
                     self.exact_raw(before,measured._download_raw());self.assertEqual(measured.step_count,count)
                     ledger.step();plain.step()
                     self.exact_raw(measured._download_raw(),plain._download_raw())
@@ -193,15 +193,15 @@ class ShiftedJetsGPU(unittest.TestCase):
             old._initialize_raw(initial(old,.99));ledger=Ledger(self,old,2)
             for speed in (.002,-.001):old.set_jet_amplitude(0,speed,level=2);ledger.step()
             before=old._download_raw();count=old.step_count
-            topology=lambda rects:RemapTopology.from_config(cfg,old.patch,rects,child_objects=(obj,),
-                child_jets=old._level_jets[2],_shifted_blocked=True)
+            topology=lambda rects:RemapTopology.from_config(cfg,old.hierarchy.pairs[0],rects,child_objects=(obj,),
+                child_jets=old.jets[2],_shifted_blocked=True)
             expected=_remap_stored(topology(a),topology(b),before,shifted=True,base_count=count,
                 level_steps=(count,2*count,4*count),phase='postcollision_g')
-            new=owned.enter_context(old.remap_child(b,child_objects=(obj,)))
+            new=owned.enter_context(old.remap_finest(b,objects=(obj,)))
             self.exact_raw(before,old._download_raw())
             self.exact_raw(_StoredPopulations(expected.g,True),new._download_raw())
-            self.assertEqual(new._level_jets[2][0].amplitude,-.001)
-            np.testing.assert_array_equal(new._level_boundaries[2].tables['surface_velocity'],old._level_boundaries[2].tables['surface_velocity'])
+            self.assertEqual(new.jets[2][0].amplitude,-.001)
+            np.testing.assert_array_equal(new._device_boundaries[2].tables['surface_velocity'],old._device_boundaries[2].tables['surface_velocity'])
             newledger=Ledger(self,new,2);ledger.step();newledger.step()
             self.assertEqual((old.step_count,new.step_count),(count+1,count+1))
             ledger.report('L2 source');newledger.report('L2 remapped')

tests/validation/multigrid/test_shifted_remap_gpu.py

@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ class ShiftedRemapGPU(unittest.TestCase):
     def check_finite(self,run):
         raw=run._download_raw()
         self.assertTrue(raw.shifted)
-        for a,leaf in zip(raw.values,run._leaf):
+        for a,leaf in zip(raw.values,run.leaf):
             self.assertTrue(np.isfinite(a[:,leaf]).all())
             self.assertTrue(np.isnan(a[:,~leaf]).all())
             self.assertTrue((1+a[:,leaf].sum(axis=0,dtype=np.float64)>0).all())
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ class ShiftedRemapGPU(unittest.TestCase):
             old=owned.enter_context(make(ctx))
             old._initialize_raw(initial(old));old.step(2)
             before=old._download_raw()
-            new=owned.enter_context(old.remap_child(A))
+            new=owned.enter_context(old.remap_finest(A))
             self.check_reset(new,before.values)
             self.snapshot_equal(old._download_raw(),before,'old unchanged')
             self.snapshot_equal(new._download_raw(),before,'identity raw copy')
@@ -85,11 +85,11 @@ class ShiftedRemapGPU(unittest.TestCase):
             old=owned.enter_context(make(ctx))
             old._initialize_raw(initial(old));old.step(2)
             before=old._download_raw();count=old.step_count
-            old_mesh=RemapTopology.from_config(CFG,old.patch,A)
-            new_mesh=RemapTopology.from_config(CFG,old.patch,B)
+            old_mesh=RemapTopology.from_config(CFG,old.hierarchy.pairs[0],A)
+            new_mesh=RemapTopology.from_config(CFG,old.hierarchy.pairs[0],B)
             expected=_remap_stored(old_mesh,new_mesh,before,shifted=True,
                 base_count=count,level_steps=(count,2*count,4*count),phase='postcollision_g')
-            new=owned.enter_context(old.remap_child(B))
+            new=owned.enter_context(old.remap_finest(B))
             self.check_reset(new,expected.g)
             self.snapshot_equal(new._download_raw(),_StoredPopulations(expected.g,True),'host raw fill')
             for a,b,om,nm in zip(before.values,new._download_raw().values,old_mesh.leaf_masks,new_mesh.leaf_masks):
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ class ShiftedRemapGPU(unittest.TestCase):
         with CudaContext(0) as ctx,make(ctx) as run:
             run._initialize_raw(initial(run));run.step(2)
             before=run._download_raw()
-            with self.assertRaises(ValueError):run.remap_child([])
+            with self.assertRaises(ValueError):run.remap_finest([])
             self.snapshot_equal(run._download_raw(),before,'rejection preserves source')
             self.assertEqual(run.step_count,2)
             run.step();self.check_finite(run)

tests/validation/run_refined_dfg.py

@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ def public_jets(center, radius, scenario):
     )
 
 
-def jet_interval(handle, scenario, begin, n, diameter):
+def jet_interval(handle, scenario, begin, n, diameter, level=None):
     """Apply a reversal only at a completed interval boundary, before advancing."""
     if scenario != "none":
         boundaries = [round(t * diameter / SPEED) for t in (250, 260, 270, 280, 290, 300, 305)]
@@ -92,8 +92,10 @@ def jet_interval(handle, scenario, begin, n, diameter):
     if begin < switch:
         return min(n, switch - begin), None
     if begin == switch:
-        handle.set_jet_amplitude(0, -JET_PEAK)
-        handle.set_jet_amplitude(1, JET_PEAK)
+        # FixedPatchStepper needs an explicit Jet level; Simulation has one level.
+        kw = {} if level is None else {"level": level}
+        handle.set_jet_amplitude(0, -JET_PEAK, **kw)
+        handle.set_jet_amplitude(1, JET_PEAK, **kw)
         return n, dict(step=begin, tstar=300.0, amplitudes=[-JET_PEAK, JET_PEAK])
     return n, None
 
@@ -256,7 +258,7 @@ def host_geometry(source, h, collision="SRT", jet_scenario="none", placement="wi
         validate_channel_config,
         validate_channel_transfers,
     )
-    from CelerisLab.lbm.refinement_tables import blocked_base_tables
+    from CelerisLab.lbm import refinement_tables
     from CelerisLab.body.geometry.circle import CircleGeometry
     from CelerisLab.body.objects import SimObject
 
@@ -268,7 +270,15 @@ def host_geometry(source, h, collision="SRT", jet_scenario="none", placement="wi
     pair = FixedPatch2D.from_config(cfg, PLACEMENTS[placement])
     layout = BlockLayout2D.build(cfg.ny, cfg.nx, *BASE_BLOCK)
     validate_channel_config(cfg, [BASE_BLOCK, FINE_BLOCK])
-    targets = blocked_base_tables(pair, layout, np.argsort(pair.coalesce_coarse))[1]
+    # Select by the imported source's own API, not by scenario: the pinned historical
+    # source (verify_source) defines blocked_base_tables, the current checkout (host
+    # tests, public Jet scenarios) blocked_coarse_tables. Exactly one must exist.
+    names = [n for n in ("blocked_base_tables", "blocked_coarse_tables")
+             if hasattr(refinement_tables, n)]
+    if len(names) != 1:
+        raise RuntimeError(f"Unexpected coarse transfer table API: {names}")
+    coarse_tables = getattr(refinement_tables, names[0])
+    targets = coarse_tables(pair, layout, np.argsort(pair.coalesce_coarse))[1]
     validate_channel_transfers(pair, layout, targets)
     BlockLayout2D.build(*pair.fine_shape, *FINE_BLOCK, periodic=(False, False))
     body = SimObject(
@@ -448,7 +458,7 @@ def run_case(a, h, periodic, case):
                 )
                 n = min(max(1, round(width * p["diameter"] / SPEED)), max_steps - begin)
                 n, change = jet_interval(backend if refined else sim, a.jet_scenario,
-                                         begin, n, p["diameter"])
+                                         begin, n, p["diameter"], level=1 if refined else None)
                 if change is not None:
                     amplitude_changes.append(change)
                 impulse = np.zeros(2)

tests/validation/time_window_dfg.py

@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ def run_variant(backend, variant, n_intervals, deadline):
             else:
                 for _ in range(INTERVAL):
                     backend.step(1)
-            totals.append(components(backend.read_exchange_window(0)))
+            totals.append(components(backend.read_exchange_window(0, level=1)))
         t.check_deadline(deadline)
     return np.array(totals), (np.array(scales) if scales else None)