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ClaudeandClaude Opus 5.5 caeb6a3051 research: VIV driver reads diagnostics by MovingTables.DIAG name; coupling-contract README
Index values are unchanged (1, 3, 7, 10, 13); the run recorded at fb507aa1
used the same columns. Research-only.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-10-31 01:26:17 +00:00
10 changed files with 108 additions and 215 deletions
-6
View File
@@ -394,12 +394,6 @@ before `run()`, the force will be reset to zero. For the common usage pattern
| `sim.load_checkpoint(path)` | Restore from HDF5 (config must match) |
| `sim.snapshot()` / `sim.restore()` | In-memory field snapshot |
In-memory snapshots save populations only. Restore keeps the current clock,
controls, observations, geometry and flags; use it only while geometry is
unchanged. This is not a restart or an FSI rollback. In particular, do not
restore a snapshot taken before a translating circle changed position.
This geometry restriction is a caller precondition, not a runtime check.
#### Low-level access
| Attribute | Description |
-4
View File
@@ -30,10 +30,6 @@ cells (M1 `MovingCircleCells`), moving-wall Bouzidi with wall velocity
mass, eq_only, no_donor, crossings) accumulated since obs were zeroed;
`obs`/`read_force` keep their contract (CME on the body).
- `get_flags()` reads device flags back when moving circles exist.
- `snapshot()` / `restore()` save and restore populations only, keeping the
current clock, controls, observations, geometry and flags. Use them only
with unchanged geometry; restoring across a translation is unsupported
and is not rejected at runtime. They do not provide FSI rollback.
*Supported:* dense double buffer, D2Q9, FP32 unshifted, SRT/MRT, circles,
spin. *Rejected before mutation:* EsoPull, ddf shifting, D3Q19, refinement /
+4 -11
View File
@@ -29,17 +29,10 @@ Claude, Grok and Astra at 1abfe954; implemented in research/viv_re150/.
- D = 40, MRT, dense double buffer; U_lat = .04, nu = U D / 150 = .010667,
tau = .532.
- Nominal 75 D × 60 D lattice allocation (3000 × 2400), based on the
Kolahdouz §4.1.1 layout. Coordinate clarification of the existing run:
the driver uses `(30 D, (ny - 1)/2)` = `(1200, 1199.5)` in lattice
coordinates, or `(30 D, 29.9875 D)`. The earlier `(30 D, 30 D)` wording
described the nominal box, not the exact executed centre.
Free-slip reflection planes are at `y = .5` and `y = ny - 1.5 = 2398.5`;
their separation is 2398 cells = 59.95 D, with the centre exactly midway,
29.975 D from each wall. Node counts are not physical wall-to-wall lengths.
This corrects the description, without changing the historical geometry
or results. Qin's own box ([0, 40 D] × [0, 20 D], centre (10 D, 10 D)) is
the target paper's, not ours.
- Box [0, 75 D] × [0, 60 D] (3000 × 2400) with the cylinder centre at
(30 D, 30 D): 30 D from the inlet, 45 D from the outlet, centred in y
(Kolahdouz §4.1.1). Qin's own box ([0, 40 D] × [0, 20 D], centre (10 D, 10 D))
is the target paper's, not ours.
- Boundaries: uniform Zou–He inlet, NEQ outlet (rho = 1, backflow clamp),
free-slip y walls. Kolahdouz uses a traction outlet: declared mismatch.
- Qin's own VIV box (40 D × 20 D) is not used; a smaller box would be a
+1 -8
View File
@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@ s/T in [0.25 + (k-1), 0.25 + k); cycle 0 is the startup quarter.
from __future__ import annotations
import math
from functools import lru_cache
import numpy as np
@@ -54,16 +53,10 @@ def bin_phase(s, T):
return None
@lru_cache(maxsize=8)
def _quadrature_rule(points):
"""Reuse the nodes and weights, which depend only on quadrature order."""
return np.polynomial.legendre.leggauss(points)
def interval_bases(n, T, points=16):
"""Single-step interval averages over [n, n + 1] of cos phi |cos phi| and sin phi
(phi in radians = 2 pi s / T - pi / 2), Gauss-Legendre quadrature."""
x, w = _quadrature_rule(points)
x, w = np.polynomial.legendre.leggauss(points)
s = int(n) % T + 0.5 * (x + 1.0) # periodic: identical bases in every cycle
phi = 2.0 * np.pi * s / T - 0.5 * np.pi
c = np.cos(phi)
+3 -4
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@@ -1,9 +1,8 @@
"""One-shot predeclared VIV run (docs/validation/viv_re150_predeclare.md).
Re 150, U* = 5, m/(rho D^2) = 2, zeta = 0, D = 40 on a nominal 75 D x 60 D
lattice (uniform inlet, NEQ outlet, free-slip y walls). The cylinder is at
(30 D, (ny - 1)/2); y-wall planes are .5 and ny - 1.5 in lattice coordinates.
Structural RHS = CME + Wen (diagnostics: raw CME, node terms).
Re 150, U* = 5, m/(rho D^2) = 2, zeta = 0, D = 40 on a 75 D x 60 D native
channel (uniform inlet, NEQ outlet, free-slip y walls), cylinder at
(30 D, 30 D). Structural RHS = CME + Wen (diagnostics: raw CME, node terms).
Research driver only: Simulation API, no production change.
PYTHONPATH=src python research/viv_re150/run.py --out /path/outside/checkout
+61 -3
View File
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
# CelerisLab/body/motion.py
"""Translation targets and device tables (dense double buffer, D2Q9 only).
"""Host state of a translating circle (dense double buffer, D2Q9 only).
Contract: docs/moving_bodies.md, sections 4a, 5 and 7. The applied geometry
(last successfully committed offset) and an optional pending target are two
separate facts; centres are always ``base + offset``. MovingCircle owns host
targets, MovingTables owns device records, and Simulation commits completed steps.
separate facts; centres are always ``base + offset``. Nothing here touches
the device: the caller supplies upload/step/synchronize callables.
"""
from __future__ import annotations
@@ -18,6 +18,10 @@ R_MIN = 4.0 # smallest radius covered by the donor enumeration
Vec = Tuple[float, float]
# D2Q9 non-rest directions, paired order of lbm/descriptors.
_CX = (1, -1, 0, 0, 1, -1, 1, -1)
_CY = (0, 0, 1, -1, 1, -1, -1, 1)
def _vec(value, name: str) -> Vec:
x, y = (float(v) for v in value)
@@ -94,6 +98,23 @@ class MovingCircle:
offset, velocity = self.applied, (0.0, 0.0)
return self.centre(self.applied), self.centre(offset), velocity
def advance(self, upload: Callable, step: Callable, synchronize: Callable) -> None:
"""Upload the record, run one step and commit only after a successful sync.
Any exception after the upload is attempted leaves device geometry
unknown: the circle is marked failed, never reports applied state again,
and the owner's ``on_failure`` hook is called.
"""
record = self.record()
try:
upload(record)
step()
synchronize()
except BaseException as exc:
self.fail(exc)
raise
self.commit()
def commit(self) -> None:
"""Applied := pending offset (caller has synchronized a successful step)."""
if self.pending is not None:
@@ -117,6 +138,43 @@ class MovingCircle:
raise RuntimeError("moving circle state is unknown after a failed step")
def _inside(x: int, y: int, c: Vec, r: float) -> bool:
return (x - c[0]) ** 2 + (y - c[1]) ** 2 < r * r
def empty_donor_cells(c_old: Vec, c_new: Vec, radius: float):
"""Fresh cells (inside c_old, outside c_new) whose donor set V(x) is empty."""
r = radius
xs = range(math.floor(min(c_old[0], c_new[0]) - r) - 1, math.ceil(max(c_old[0], c_new[0]) + r) + 2)
ys = range(math.floor(min(c_old[1], c_new[1]) - r) - 1, math.ceil(max(c_old[1], c_new[1]) + r) + 2)
empty = []
for x in xs:
for y in ys:
if not _inside(x, y, c_old, r) or _inside(x, y, c_new, r):
continue
if not any(not _inside(x + cx, y + cy, c_old, r) and not _inside(x + cx, y + cy, c_new, r)
for cx, cy in zip(_CX, _CY)):
empty.append((x, y))
return empty
def enumerate_donor_coverage(radius: float, positions: int = 8, directions: int = 16) -> int:
"""Count empty-donor fresh cells over sub-cell centres and moves of MAX_STEP.
Evidence for the declared bounds (radius >= R_MIN, |dc|_2 <= MAX_STEP),
not a proof; the device keeps the ``no_donor`` counter.
"""
count = 0
for i in range(positions):
for j in range(positions):
c_old = (i / positions, j / positions)
for k in range(directions):
a = 2.0 * math.pi * k / directions
c_new = (c_old[0] + MAX_STEP * math.cos(a), c_old[1] + MAX_STEP * math.sin(a))
count += len(empty_donor_cells(c_old, c_new, radius))
return count
class MovingTables:
"""Device tables of the translating circles for ``MovingCircleCells``/``Links``.
+3 -5
View File
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ class LBMStepper:
self._esopull = (cfg.streaming == "esopull")
# Set by the owner when a step would be wrong (translating circles
# without attached moving tables, a pending target, or a failed step).
# excluded from the packed links before the moving kernels exist).
self.blocked: str | None = None
self.moving = None # MovingTables attached by the owner (translating circles)
@@ -39,10 +39,8 @@ class LBMStepper:
self.apply_esopull_curved_fn = module.get_function("ApplyEsoPullCurvedKernel")
self.sensor_fn = module.get_function("SensorKernel")
self.force_region_fn = module.get_function("ForceRegionKernel")
# Moving-circle kernels exist only in D2Q9 double-buffer modules.
moving = not self._esopull and cfg.is_d2q9
self.moving_fn = module.get_function("MovingCircleLinks") if moving else None
self.moving_cells_fn = module.get_function("MovingCircleCells") if moving else None
self.moving_fn = None if self._esopull else module.get_function("MovingCircleLinks")
self.moving_cells_fn = None if self._esopull else module.get_function("MovingCircleCells")
tpb = cfg.threads_per_block
self.block = (tpb, 1, 1)
+3 -7
View File
@@ -242,8 +242,7 @@ class Simulation:
self._require_usable()
tables = self.stepper.moving
if tables is None:
from .body.motion import MovingTables
return np.zeros((0, MovingTables.DIAG_FLOATS), np.float32)
return np.zeros((0, 6), np.float32)
self.stream.synchronize()
return tables.download_diagnostics()
@@ -786,7 +785,6 @@ class Simulation:
(docs/moving_bodies.md 4a, 5). Any failure leaves the Simulation unusable."""
tables = self.stepper.moving
circles = [(obj.motion, obj.obj_id) for obj in self._moving_bodies()]
pending = any(motion.pending is not None for motion, _ in circles)
try:
advancing = tables.upload_records(circles, stream)
self.stepper._step(steps, action_gpu=self.bodies.action_gpu,
@@ -799,12 +797,10 @@ class Simulation:
no_donor = tables.download_diagnostics()[:, tables.DIAG.index("no_donor")]
if np.any(no_donor > 0):
raise RuntimeError("translating circle refill found no donor cell")
if pending: # a target equal to the applied offset is consumed as a hold step
for motion, _ in circles:
motion.commit()
if advancing:
tables.upload_records(circles, stream) # first hold: old = new = applied, u = 0
stream.synchronize()
tables.upload_records(circles, stream) # first hold: old = new = applied, u = 0
stream.synchronize()
self._attach_moving()
except BaseException as exc:
for motion, _ in circles: # device geometry/state unknown after any failure
-29
View File
@@ -82,35 +82,6 @@ def test_interval_bases_and_morison_fit_recover_known_coefficients():
assert p.morison_fit(f, b[:, 0], b[:, 1]) == pytest.approx((2.09, 1.45), abs=1e-9)
def test_quadrature_rule_reused_across_steps_and_periods(monkeypatch):
original = np.polynomial.legendre.leggauss
orders = []
def counted(points):
orders.append(points)
return original(points)
p._quadrature_rule.cache_clear()
monkeypatch.setattr(np.polynomial.legendre, "leggauss", counted)
try:
for points in (16, 8, 16):
for period in (T, 2 * T):
for n in (0, 123, period + 123):
p.interval_bases(n, period, points)
assert orders == [16, 8]
finally:
p._quadrature_rule.cache_clear()
def test_interval_sine_basis_matches_exact_integral():
for period in (T, 2 * T):
half_width = math.pi / period
for n in (0, period // 4, period // 2, period - 1, 7 * period + 123):
midpoint = 2 * math.pi * ((n % period) + .5) / period - math.pi / 2
expected = math.sin(midpoint) * math.sin(half_width) / half_width
assert p.interval_bases(n, period)[1] == pytest.approx(expected, rel=0, abs=2e-15)
def test_geometry_repeats_exactly_across_cycles():
A = p.amplitude(20)
for m in (0, 1, T // 4, T // 2 - 1, 7 * T // 12):
+33 -138
View File
@@ -1,13 +1,14 @@
"""Translating-circle host contract (docs/moving_bodies.md 4a, 5, 7).
"""Translating-circle host contract, S1 (docs/moving_bodies.md 4a, 5, 7).
Real Simulation entrypoints with device doubles; no CUDA context or GPU work.
Host doubles only: no kernels exist yet, so every positive-step run with a
moving body must be rejected before any device write.
"""
import math
from types import SimpleNamespace
import pytest
from CelerisLab.body.motion import MAX_STEP, R_MIN, MovingCircle, Translation
from CelerisLab.body.motion import (MAX_STEP, R_MIN, MovingCircle, Translation,
enumerate_donor_coverage)
BAD = (float("nan"), float("inf"))
@@ -45,96 +46,46 @@ def test_targets_validate_against_applied_and_last_wins():
assert c.applied == (0., 0.)
def test_record_commit_and_hold(monkeypatch):
sim, writes, c = routed_advancing_simulation(monkeypatch)
assert c.record() == ((50., 40.), (50., 40.), (0., 0.))
sim.set_body(0, offset=(0., .25), vy=.05)
def test_record_commit_and_hold():
c = circle()
assert c.record() == ((50., 40.), (50., 40.), (0., 0.)) # hold: no translation velocity
c.set_target((0., .25), (0., .05))
assert c.record() == ((50., 40.), (50., 40.25), (0., .05))
seen_at_sync = []
sim.run(1, stream=SimpleNamespace(synchronize=lambda: seen_at_sync.append(c.applied)))
assert seen_at_sync == [(0., 0.), (0., .25)] # commit between step sync and hold sync
uploads = [w[1][0] for w in writes if isinstance(w, tuple) and w[0] == "upload"]
assert uploads == [((50., 40.), (50., 40.25), (0., .05)),
((50., 40.25), (50., 40.25), (0., 0.))]
uploads = []
c.advance(uploads.append, lambda: None, lambda: None)
assert uploads == [((50., 40.), (50., 40.25), (0., .05))]
assert c.applied == (0., .25) and c.pending is None # offset-only commit
sim.run(1, stream=STREAM) # no new target: hold step
uploads = [w[1][0] for w in writes if isinstance(w, tuple) and w[0] == "upload"]
c.advance(uploads.append, lambda: None, lambda: None) # no new target: hold step
assert uploads[-1] == ((50., 40.25), (50., 40.25), (0., 0.)) and c.applied == (0., .25)
sim.set_body(0, offset=(0., 0.), vy=-.05) # zero offset is a real target
c.set_target((0., 0.), (0., -.05)) # return to zero offset is a real target
assert c.pending == ((0., 0.), (0., -.05))
sim.run(1, stream=STREAM)
c.advance(uploads.append, lambda: None, lambda: None)
assert c.applied == (0., 0.) and c.pending is None
@pytest.mark.parametrize("stage", ("upload", "step", "synchronize"))
def test_failure_after_upload_attempt_is_fail_closed(monkeypatch, stage):
sim, writes, c = routed_advancing_simulation(monkeypatch, fail="upload" if stage == "upload" else None)
sim.set_body(0, offset=(0., .25), vy=.05)
def test_failure_after_upload_attempt_is_fail_closed(stage):
c = circle()
c.set_target((0., .25), (0., .05))
def fail(*a, **k):
raise RuntimeError(f"{stage} failed")
if stage == "step":
sim.stepper._step = fail
stream = SimpleNamespace(synchronize=fail) if stage == "synchronize" else STREAM
def call(name):
def run(*_):
if name == stage:
raise RuntimeError(f"{name} failed")
return run
with pytest.raises(RuntimeError, match=f"{stage} failed"):
sim.run(1, stream=stream)
assert c.failed and c.applied == (0., 0.) and c.pending == ((0., .25), (0., .05))
assert sim._failed is not None and sim.stepper.blocked == sim._failed
for later in (c.record, lambda: sim.set_body(0, offset=(0., .1), vy=0.)):
c.advance(call("upload"), call("step"), call("synchronize"))
assert c.failed and c.applied == (0., 0.)
for later in (c.record, lambda: c.set_target((0., .1), (0., 0.)),
lambda: c.advance(*(lambda *_: None,) * 3)):
with pytest.raises(RuntimeError, match="unknown"):
later()
with pytest.raises(RuntimeError, match="Simulation failed"):
sim.run(1, stream=STREAM)
with pytest.raises(RuntimeError, match="moving circle step failed"):
sim.stepper.step(1, action_gpu=None, obs_gpu=None)
def test_band_covers_offset_box_with_margin():
assert circle().band() == (50 - 2 - 10 - 2, 50 + 2 + 10 + 2, 40 - 3 - 10 - 2, 40 + 3 + 10 + 2)
# D2Q9 non-rest directions, paired order of lbm/descriptors.
_CX = (1, -1, 0, 0, 1, -1, 1, -1)
_CY = (0, 0, 1, -1, 1, -1, -1, 1)
def _inside(x: int, y: int, c, r: float) -> bool:
return (x - c[0]) ** 2 + (y - c[1]) ** 2 < r * r
def empty_donor_cells(c_old, c_new, radius: float):
"""Fresh cells (inside c_old, outside c_new) whose donor set V(x) is empty."""
r = radius
xs = range(math.floor(min(c_old[0], c_new[0]) - r) - 1, math.ceil(max(c_old[0], c_new[0]) + r) + 2)
ys = range(math.floor(min(c_old[1], c_new[1]) - r) - 1, math.ceil(max(c_old[1], c_new[1]) + r) + 2)
empty = []
for x in xs:
for y in ys:
if not _inside(x, y, c_old, r) or _inside(x, y, c_new, r):
continue
if not any(not _inside(x + cx, y + cy, c_old, r) and not _inside(x + cx, y + cy, c_new, r)
for cx, cy in zip(_CX, _CY)):
empty.append((x, y))
return empty
def enumerate_donor_coverage(radius: float, positions: int = 8, directions: int = 16) -> int:
"""Count empty-donor fresh cells over sub-cell centres and moves of MAX_STEP.
Evidence for the declared bounds (radius >= R_MIN, |dc|_2 <= MAX_STEP),
not a proof; the device keeps the ``no_donor`` counter.
"""
count = 0
for i in range(positions):
for j in range(positions):
c_old = (i / positions, j / positions)
for k in range(directions):
a = 2.0 * math.pi * k / directions
c_new = (c_old[0] + MAX_STEP * math.cos(a), c_old[1] + MAX_STEP * math.sin(a))
count += len(empty_donor_cells(c_old, c_new, radius))
return count
@pytest.mark.parametrize("radius", (R_MIN, 4.3, 7.5, 12.0))
def test_refill_donor_sets_nonempty_within_bounds(radius):
# Evidence for R >= R_MIN and |dc|_2 <= MAX_STEP on a fixed sample, not a proof.
@@ -327,26 +278,6 @@ def advancing_simulation(monkeypatch, **tables):
return sim, writes, sim.bodies.objects[0].motion
def routed_advancing_simulation(monkeypatch, **tables):
"""Real body registration, target routing, run and owner hook; double device I/O."""
sim = routed_simulation(monkeypatch)
bid = sim.add_body("circle", (50., 40.), 10., translation=Translation((-2., 2., -3., 3.), .1))
sim._initialized = True
sim._assert_runtime_contracts = lambda: None
writes = []
monkeypatch.setattr(sim.bodies, "_upload_action_async", lambda s: writes.append("action"))
monkeypatch.setattr(sim.bodies, "zero_obs_async", lambda s: writes.append("obs"))
monkeypatch.setattr(sim.bodies, "download_obs_full_async", lambda s: writes.append("download"))
sim.stepper = SimpleNamespace(
moving=Tables(writes, **tables), blocked=None,
_step=lambda n, advance=False, **k: writes.append(("step", n, advance)))
from CelerisLab.lbm.stepper import LBMStepper
sim.stepper.step = LBMStepper.step.__get__(sim.stepper)
sim._moving_tables = sim.stepper.moving
sim._attach_moving()
return sim, writes, sim.bodies.get(bid).motion
def test_run_one_advances_and_commits_after_sync(monkeypatch):
sim, writes, motion = advancing_simulation(monkeypatch)
motion.set_target((0., .25), (0., .05))
@@ -366,44 +297,6 @@ def test_run_one_advances_and_commits_after_sync(monkeypatch):
assert ("step", 3, False) in writes and motion.applied == (0., .25)
def test_zero_motion_target_is_consumed_by_run_one(monkeypatch):
sim, writes, motion = advancing_simulation(monkeypatch)
motion.set_target((0., 0.), (0., 0.)) # equal to applied: a hold target
sim._attach_moving()
assert sim.stepper.blocked == module.PENDING_BLOCKED
sim.run(1, stream=STREAM)
assert motion.pending is None and motion.applied == (0., 0.)
assert sim.stepper.blocked is None and ("step", 1, False) in writes
writes.clear()
sim.run(3, stream=STREAM) # no stale latch
assert ("step", 3, False) in writes
@pytest.mark.parametrize("streaming,d2q9,bound", [("double_buffer", True, True),
("double_buffer", False, False),
("esopull", True, False)])
def test_moving_kernels_bound_only_for_d2q9_double_buffer(monkeypatch, streaming, d2q9, bound):
from CelerisLab.lbm import stepper as stepper_module
monkeypatch.setattr(stepper_module.cuda, "mem_alloc", lambda n: object())
moving = {"MovingCircleLinks", "MovingCircleCells"}
def get_function(name):
if name in moving and not (d2q9 and streaming == "double_buffer"):
raise KeyError(name) # absent from D3Q19 / EsoPull modules
return lambda *a, **k: None
cfg = SimpleNamespace(streaming=streaming, threads_per_block=128, is_d2q9=d2q9,
nx=16, ny=8, nz=4, nq=9 if d2q9 else 19)
stepper = stepper_module.LBMStepper(SimpleNamespace(), SimpleNamespace(get_function=get_function), cfg)
assert (stepper.moving_fn is not None) == bound and (stepper.moving_cells_fn is not None) == bound
def test_moving_diagnostics_empty_shape_matches_layout(monkeypatch):
from CelerisLab.body.motion import MovingTables
sim = make_simulation(monkeypatch)
sim._failed, sim.stepper = None, SimpleNamespace(moving=None)
assert sim.moving_diagnostics().shape == (0, MovingTables.DIAG_FLOATS)
@pytest.mark.parametrize("failure", ("upload", "first_sync", "no_donor", "hold_upload",
"hold_sync"))
def test_failed_advance_fails_simulation(monkeypatch, failure):
@@ -614,21 +507,23 @@ def test_moving_circle_excluded_from_static_links():
def test_failed_moving_step_marks_simulation_failed(monkeypatch):
sim, writes, motion = routed_advancing_simulation(monkeypatch)
sim = routed_simulation(monkeypatch)
sim.ctx = ClosableOwner()
sim.set_body(0, offset=(0., .2), vy=.05)
bid = sim.add_body("circle", (50., 40.), 10., translation=Translation((0., 0., -1., 1.), .1))
motion = sim.bodies.get(bid).motion
motion.set_target((0., .2), (0., .05))
def fail(*_):
raise RuntimeError("sync failed")
with pytest.raises(RuntimeError, match="sync failed"):
sim.run(1, stream=SimpleNamespace(synchronize=fail))
motion.advance(lambda *_: None, lambda: None, fail)
assert sim._failed is not None and motion.applied == (0., 0.)
for call in (lambda: sim.run(0), lambda: sim.run(1), sim.step, sim.sync_bodies,
sim.save_checkpoint, lambda: sim.load_checkpoint("x.h5")):
with pytest.raises(RuntimeError, match="Simulation failed"):
call()
with pytest.raises(RuntimeError, match="unknown"): # no retry on the failed circle
sim.set_body(0, offset=(0., .1), vy=.05)
motion.advance(lambda *_: None, lambda: None, lambda: None)
with sim.ctx.activate(): # a refused close keeps the failed state and resources
with pytest.raises(RuntimeError, match="active CUDA"):
sim.close()